Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral for 2-D and 3-D path loss in outdoor urban environments

Abstract

A deterministic model for propagation in outdoor urban environments based on the Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral is presented. Both two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) formulations considering reflection and diffraction are given. The theoretical predictions are compared with 2-D and 3-D measurements and good agreement is achieved. The 3-D experiments, conducted in an anechoic chamber with scaled models representing buildings, are described in detail and provide a benchmark for comparisons with other methods.

Advanced optimization techniques for UAS command and control (C2) communications terrestrial infrastructure

“…Deterministic prediction models [3] were selected for our coverage analysis because they achieve a high level of accuracy at the expense of longer simulation time (compared to the other model types), which is necessary because the deterministic models make predictive computations using actual detailed terrain and building data. This can be a disadvantage if the appropriate terrain or building data is not available.…”