Freshwater Stingrays of the Green River Formation of Wyoming (Early Eocene), With the Description of a New Genus and Species and an Analysis of Its Phylogenetic Relationships (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes)

Carvalho, Marcelo R. de; Maisey, John G.; Grande, Lance

doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2004)284<0001:fsotgr>2.0.co;2

Cited by 108 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Maruska (2001) proposed that the complexity of the lateral line canal was higher in derived species such as in Myliobatiformes. This contradicts the phylogenetic hypotheses of Lovejoy (1996) and Carvalho et al (2004), in which Paratrygon is basal to both Potamotrygon and Plesiotrygon. A more detailed examination of the distribution of lateral line canals may help to explain whether any correlation between phylogeny, ecology and body size occurs in batoid groups.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Morphology of lateral line canals in Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from Negro River, Brazilian Amazon

et al. 2010

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The relationship between the distribution of the lateral line canals and their functionality has not been well examined in elasmobranchs, especially among Neotropical freshwater stingrays of the family Potamotrygonidae. The spatial distribution of the canals and their tubules and the quantification of the neuromasts were analyzed in preserved specimens of Potamotrygon motoro, P. orbignyi, Potamotrygon sp. "cururu", and Paratrygon aiereba from the middle Negro River, Amazonas, Brazil. The hyomandibular, infraorbital, posterior lateral line, mandibular, nasal and supraorbital canals were characterized and their pores and neuromasts quantified. The ventral canals are known to facilitate the accurate localization of prey items under the body, and our results indicate that the dorsal canals may be employed in identifying the presence of predators or potential prey positioned above the stingray's body. The presence of non-pored canals in the ventral region may be compensated by the high concentration of neuromasts found in the same area, which possibly allow the accurate detection of mechanical stimuli. The concentration of non-pored canals near the mouth indicates their importance in locating and capturing prey buried in the bottom substrate, possibly aided by the presence of vesicles of Savi.A relação entre a distribuição dos canais da linha lateral e a sua funcionalidade é pouco conhecida para os elasmobrânquios, especialmente para as raias neotropicais da família Potamotrygonidae. A distribuição espacial dos canais e seus túbulos e a quantificação dos neuromastos foram analisadas em exemplares preservados das raias Potamotrygon motoro, P. orbignyi, Potamotrygon sp. "cururu" e Paratrygon aiereba, provenientes do médio rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil. Foram identificados os canais hiomandibular, infra-orbital, linha lateral posterior, mandibular, nasal e supra-orbital, e os poros e neuromastos de cada um foram quantificados. Nossos resultados mostram que os canais dorsais podem ter a função de identificar a presença de predadores ou presas posicionadas acima do corpo da raia, enquanto os canais ventrais provavelmente permitem uma localização precisa da posição de presas sob o corpo. A existência de canais sem poros na região ventral pode estar relacionada com a alta concentração de neuromastos, que compensaria a falta de contato direto dos neuromastos com o meio externo na detecção de estímulos mecânicos. A concentração dos canais sem poros na proximidade da boca indica sua importância para a localização e captura de presas enterradas no substrato, possivelmente auxiliadas pela presença das vesículas de Savi.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Morphology of lateral line canals in Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from Negro River, Brazilian Amazon

et al. 2010

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“…Fossil, morphological and molecular data support the hypothesis that mobulids are one of the most derived groups of elasmobranchs and closely related to rhinopterids (cownose rays, genus Rhinoptera) within a polyphyletic clade of Myliobatidae Aschliman et al, 2012a;Claeson et al, 2010;De Carvalho et al, 2004;Dunn et al, 2003;Lovejoy, 1996;McEachran and Aschliman, 2004;McEachran et al, 1996;Nishida, 1990;Shirai, 1996). However, a sister-clade relationship to a myliobatid-rhinopterid clade has also been proposed (Gonzalez-Isais and Dominguez, 2004) solely based on morphological data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

A dated molecular phylogeny of manta and devil rays (Mobulidae) based on mitogenome and nuclear sequences

Poortvliet

Olsen

Croll

et al. 2015

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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a b s t r a c tManta and devil rays are an iconic group of globally distributed pelagic filter feeders, yet their evolutionary history remains enigmatic. We employed next generation sequencing of mitogenomes for nine of the 11 recognized species and two outgroups; as well as additional Sanger sequencing of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes in an extended taxon sampling set. Analysis of the mitogenome coding regions in a Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian framework provided a well-resolved phylogeny. The deepest divergences distinguished three clades with high support, one containing Manta birostris, Manta alfredi, Mobula tarapacana, Mobula japanica and Mobula mobular; one containing Mobula kuhlii, Mobula eregoodootenkee and Mobula thurstoni; and one containing Mobula munkiana, Mobula hypostoma and Mobula rochebrunei. Mobula remains paraphyletic with the inclusion of Manta, a result that is in agreement with previous studies based on molecular and morphological data. A fossil-calibrated Bayesian random local clock analysis suggests that mobulids diverged from Rhinoptera around 30 Mya. Subsequent divergences are characterized by long internodes followed by short bursts of speciation extending from an initial episode of divergence in the Early and Middle Miocene (19-17 Mya) to a second episode during the Pliocene and Pleistocene (3.6 Mya -recent). Estimates of divergence dates overlap significantly with periods of global warming, during which upwelling intensity -and related high primary productivity in upwelling regions -decreased markedly. These periods are hypothesized to have led to fragmentation and isolation of feeding regions leading to possible regional extinctions, as well as the promotion of allopatric speciation. The closely shared evolutionary history of mobulids in combination with ongoing threats from fisheries and climate change effects on upwelling and food supply, reinforces the case for greater protection of this charismatic family of pelagic filter feeders.

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“…The FBM preserves a rich flora and fauna (e.g., MacGinitie, 1969;Feldman et al, 1981;Grande, 1984;Cushman, 1999;Carvalho et al, 2004;Conrad et al, 2007;Simmons et al, 2008) that indicates a tropical to subtropical forested environment surrounded Fossil Lake during the Eocene (MacGinite, 1969;Grande, 1994;Buchheim, 1998). A freshwater environment is strongly supported by the biota recovered from the fossiliferous layers of the middle unit of the FBM, though more saline conditions may have predominated at other periods in the history of Fossil Lake (Buchheim, 1994b;Grande, 1994;Buchheim, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primobucco mcgrewi(Aves: Coracii) from the Eocene Green River Formation: new anatomical data from the earliest constrained record of stem rollers

Ksepka

Clarke

2010

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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ABSTRACT-The Eocene Green River Formation provides one of the richest records of fossil birds worldwide. As part of a reevaluation of this avifauna, we describe 12 new specimens of the stem roller Primobucco mcgrewi from the well-dated (51.66 ± 0.09 Ma) Fossil Butte Member (FBM) of the Green River Formation of Wyoming. FBM specimens represent most of avian diversity in the Green River Formation and include the oldest well-constrained record of the roller lineage (Coracii). These fossils provide new anatomical data, including the first observations on the palate, and broaden our understanding of the distribution, abundance, and taphonomy of P. mcgrewi. Using museum records and lithological comparisons, 14 of the 15 known P. mcgrewi specimens can now be assigned to specific quarries within Fossil Lake. The species is now known from five distinct localities representing both nearshore and mid-lake environments and accounts for >10% of the 148 FBM avian specimens reviewed in this study. Pectoral elements are disproportionately represented in the FBM P. mcgrewi specimens, and more than half of the sample exhibits broken elements. These new fossils and other key specimens from the Eocene of North America and Europe clarify our understanding of the evolution of the clade Coracii. Extant parts of this lineage (i.e., Coraciidae and Brachypteraciidae) have specialized ecologies and restricted Old World distributions, whereas stem representatives appear more generalized and were a major component of some North American avifaunas.

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Freshwater Stingrays of the Green River Formation of Wyoming (Early Eocene), With the Description of a New Genus and Species and an Analysis of Its Phylogenetic Relationships (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes)

Cited by 108 publications

References 113 publications

Morphology of lateral line canals in Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from Negro River, Brazilian Amazon

Morphology of lateral line canals in Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from Negro River, Brazilian Amazon

A dated molecular phylogeny of manta and devil rays (Mobulidae) based on mitogenome and nuclear sequences

Primobucco mcgrewi(Aves: Coracii) from the Eocene Green River Formation: new anatomical data from the earliest constrained record of stem rollers

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