Freshwater pearl mussels show plasticity of responses to different predation risks but also show consistent individual differences in responsiveness

Wilson, Conor; Arnott, Gareth; Elwood, Robert W.

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2011.12.006

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Anti-predator behaviour may decrease prey energy intake and thus reduce its fitness and alter resource allocation, which can impact growth, reproduction and/or longterm survival (Johnson & Smee, 2012;Lima, 1998). It has been reported that bivalves can perceive and respond to predation risk (Maire et al, 2010;Naddafiet al, 2007;Wilson et al 2012). Some studies showed that bivalves filtration rates and the expelling of faeces and pseudofaeces are affected (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive crayfishes as a threat to freshwater bivalves: Interspecific differences and conservation implications

Meira

Lopes‐Lima

Varandas

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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Freshwater bivalves have suffered major global declines, being the introduction of invasive alien species (IAS) an important, but not well studied, mechanism of threat. This study assessed the predator-prey relationship between two non-native crayfish species (Procambarus clarkii and Pacifastacus leniusculus) and three native (Anodonta anatina, Potomida littoralis and Unio delphinus) and one non-native (Corbicula fluminea) freshwater bivalve species through experiments in laboratory and validation under natural conditions (Sabor River basin, Portugal). All native bivalve species were preyed both in laboratory and in the field; however, both crayfish species were unable to prey C. fluminea. Predation was dependent on crayfish and bivalve species but was not affected neither by crayfish nor bivalve sizes. In the laboratory, the most preyed species by both crayfishes was A. anatina. On average, this species was preyed at least 12% more than other species, when crayfishes had a choice. Similar results were found in the field. We also found signs of competition between both crayfishes, being P. clarkii more dominant and aggressive as this species, on average, manipulated the bivalves 63.6% more times and 24:33 min longer than P. leniusculus, and initiated 55.8% more agnostic bouts. Our results support the idea that P. clarkii and P. leniusculus can affect native freshwater bivalves, but clear interspecific differences were detected. Both crayfishes may have direct and indirect impacts on bivalve populations by increasing mortality or by reducing their fitness. In addition, since both crayfishes do not prey C. fluminea, they offer this IAS another advantage over native bivalves. Given the widespread distribution of both P. clarkii and P. leniusculus and the threatened status of many freshwater bivalves, the dynamics and impacts of this relationship should be taken in account in the implementation of management measures devoted to the conservation of native freshwater bivalves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive crayfishes as a threat to freshwater bivalves: Interspecific differences and conservation implications

Meira

Lopes‐Lima

Varandas

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Bivalves sometimes close their valves as a protective response to predators (Wilson et al, 2011). One margaritiferid species, M. margaritifera, has longer valve closures when exposed to the odour of a crayfish (Wilson et al, 2012). However, this behaviour leads to a detrimental situation, i.e., increased energy expenditure (Ruppert et al, 2004), loss of feeding time, reduced oxygen absorption and a reduced ability to eliminate waste products (Wilson et al, 2011(Wilson et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of invasive crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) on endangered freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera laevis and M. togakushiensis) in Japan

Machida¹,

Akiyama

2013

Hydrobiologia

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The invasive alien crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus is considered harmful to freshwater pearl mussels Margaritifera laevis and M. togakushiensis. It also often colonises mussel habitats in Japan. In order to test the negative effects of alien crayfish on mussels, we evaluated the predation impact of signal crayfish on freshwater pearl mussels in vitro. We tested the relationship between the survival/injury rates of mussels and crayfish predation with respect to different sizes of mussels (four classes based on shell length: 10, 30, 50 and 70 mm). Crayfish selectively fed on the flesh of the 10-mm size class mussels after breaking their shells. The shell margins of mussels in all size classes were injured by crayfish. Results also showed that crayfish particularly injured the 50-mm size class of mussels. This observation could be attributed to this mussel size being the most suitable shell size (29.56-37.73 mm in carapace length) that the crayfish can effectively hold. This study shows that the presence of invasive crayfish reduces freshwater pearl mussel populations by damaging the shell margins and/or killing the mussels. This negative impact of invasive crayfish not only decreases the mussel population but could also limit mussel recruitment, growth and reproduction.

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“…However, there are concerns that short-term repetitions may impose effects, where either animals habituate to an object via its repeated presentation (Edwards, Winney, Schroeder, & Dugdale, 2013) or the experience of one object may impact that of the next presented object (carryover effects). To control for carryover effects, the objects were presented in the same order to all fish, i.e., individuals received equal treatment to be compared (see Methods in: Wilson, Arnott, & Elwood, 2012;Kareklas et al, 2016). To control for habituation and to maintain novelty, the object of each test differed in colour, material, shape and size, which are characteristics perceptible by G. petersii (von der Emde, 2006;Kreysing et al, 2012).…”

Section: Measuring Boldnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality effects on spatial learning: Comparisons between visual conditions in a weakly electric fish

2017

Self Cite

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Recent research has explored links between cognition and personality, with prominent hypotheses proposing that personality drives consistent individual differences in cognitive function. These hypotheses particularly expect bolder individuals to be faster, but less accurate, as a trade‐off in cognitive function. However, cognitive processes are typically interconnected and defined in more complex terms than simply speed and accuracy. Here, we present evidence that personality‐based differences in learning rates are a result of differences in decision‐making during training in a two‐alternative forced‐choice spatial memory task. This was examined in the mormyrid fish Gnathonemus petersii in the presence of light, where both vision and the electric sense are available, and in the dark, where visibility is limited and fish rely mostly on electrosensing. The species is adapted for the dark to avoid visual predators; thus, the presence of light can induce high‐risk and the dark low‐risk. We show that light conditions had little effect on learning, with bolder fish learning faster both in the light and in the dark conditions. Yet the relationship between learning rates and error rates indicates that the effect on learning is indirectly influenced by accuracy during training. Speed‐accuracy trade‐offs were not found in decision‐making, with bolder individuals deciding faster and more accurately both in the light and in the dark. Only learning strategy was affected by light conditions, with significantly more fish preferring response to place learning in the dark than in the light, where distal cues were not visible. We conclude that other than effects from the integration of visual information, bolder individuals show a consistently greater tendency to explore and find food rewards during training. This affects their decision‐making and in turn their learning performance. We highlight the complexity by which personality‐based effects are exhibited in spatial associative learning.

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Freshwater pearl mussels show plasticity of responses to different predation risks but also show consistent individual differences in responsiveness

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Invasive crayfishes as a threat to freshwater bivalves: Interspecific differences and conservation implications

Invasive crayfishes as a threat to freshwater bivalves: Interspecific differences and conservation implications

Impacts of invasive crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) on endangered freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera laevis and M. togakushiensis) in Japan

Personality effects on spatial learning: Comparisons between visual conditions in a weakly electric fish

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