Freshwater Molluscs of India: An Insight of into Their Diversity, Distribution and Conservation

Tripathy, Basudev; Mukhopadhayay, Amit

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2178-4_11

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Other Asian Neritidae attributed at times to the genus Theodoxus, such as Theodoxus bicolor (Récluz, 1843), Theodoxus corona (Linnaeus, 1758), and Theodoxus reticularis (G.B. Sowerby I, 1836) from further east (Madhyastha et al 2010;Tripathy and Mukhopadhayay 2015), have more recently been attributed to the genus Clithon Montfort, 1810 (Quintero-Galvis and Raquel Castro 2013; Fukumori and Kano 2014;MolluscaBase 2019). This placement is based on the species' preferences for more saline environments (Tripathy and Mukhopadhayay 2015), planktonic life stages (Fukumori and Kano 2014), and, where tested, molecular data (Quintero-Galvis and Raquel Castro 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A revision of the extant species of Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Neritidae) in Asia, with the description of three new species

Sands¹,

Glöer²,

Gürlek³

et al. 2020

ZSE

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Asia contains a high species diversity of the freshwater gastropod genus Theodoxus. Recent molecular and morphological reviews of this diversity have uncovered a number of yet undescribed species while suggesting the urgent revision of several others. Moreover, some of these studies have indicated a number of species previously not recorded for this continent. Despite the advancements, a taxonomic revision and an update on the distribution of Theodoxus spp. in Asia is still pending. Here, we construct the most robust phylogeny of Theodoxus up to now and review original descriptions, type material, recent taxonomic revisions, compendia, and species lists to provide a comprehensive checklist of all known extant Asian Theodoxus spp. Our checklist also provides descriptions for three recently discovered and yet undescribed species (Theodoxus gurur Sands & Glöer, sp. nov., Theodoxus wesselinghi Sands & Glöer, sp. nov., and Theodoxus wilkei Sands & Glöer, sp. nov.), as well as shows the need to synonymise several previously described morphospecies. The present revision recognizes 14 extant Theodoxus spp. for Asia. Some of these species are widespread, while others are endemic to just a single location. Based on the revised and new distribution data, we provide updates and new assessments of species conservation statuses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A revision of the extant species of Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Neritidae) in Asia, with the description of three new species

Sands¹,

Glöer²,

Gürlek³

et al. 2020

ZSE

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“…Importantly, A. cantonensis exploits both aquatic and terrestrial mollusks, which is one of the reasons for the differences in the local epidemiology of human infections [ 109 , 110 ]. As for gastropods in the Indian subcontinent, Tripathy and Mukhopadhyay (2015) provided a list of the freshwater mollusks of India [ 111 ], and Sen et al summarized the diversity of terrestrial snails in India [ 112 ]. Their conclusion that there are 1129 species of terrestrial snails in India alone shows how difficult it is to grasp an enormous diversity of these invertebrates in the Indomalayan region.…”

Section: Angiostrongylus Cantonensis In the Definitive Roden...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae), an Emerging Cause of Human Angiostrongylosis on the Indian Subcontinent

2023

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Human angiostrongylosis is an emerging zoonosis caused by the larvae of three species of metastrongyloid nematodes of the genus Angiostrongylus, with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935) being dominant across the world. Its obligatory heteroxenous life cycle includes rats as definitive hosts, mollusks as intermediate hosts, and amphibians and reptiles as paratenic hosts. In humans, the infection manifests as Angiostrongylus eosinophilic meningitis (AEM) or ocular form. Since there is no comprehensive study on the disease in the Indian subcontinent, our study aims at the growing incidence of angiostrongylosis in humans, alongside its clinical course and possible causes. A systematic literature search revealed 28 reports of 45 human cases from 1966 to 2022; eosinophilic meningitis accounted for 33 cases (75.5%), 12 cases were reported as ocular, 1 case was combined, and 1 case was unspecified. The presumed source of infection was reported in 5 cases only. Importantly, 22 AEM patients reported a history of eating raw monitor lizard (Varanus spp.) tissues in the past. As apex predators, monitor lizards accumulate high numbers of L3 responsible for acute illness in humans. For ocular cases, the source was not identified. Most cases were diagnosed based on nematode findings and clinical pathology (primarily eosinophilia in the cerebrospinal fluid). Only two cases were confirmed to be A. cantonensis, one by immunoblot and the other by q-PCR. Cases of angiostrongylosis have been reported in Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Puducherry, Telangana, and West Bengal. With a population of more than 1.4 billion, India is one of the least studied areas for A. cantonensis. It is likely that many cases remain undetected/unreported. Since most cases have been reported from the state of Kerala, further research may focus on this region. Gastropods, amphibians, and reptiles are commonly consumed in India; however, typical preparation methods involve cooking, which kills the nematode larvae. In addition to studying rodent and mollusk hosts, monitor lizards can be used as effective sentinels. Sequence data are urgently needed to answer the question of the identity of Angiostrongylus-like metastrongylid nematodes isolated from all types of hosts. DNA-based diagnostic methods such as q-PCR and LAMP should be included in clinical diagnosis of suspected cases and in studies of genetic diversity and species identity of nematodes tentatively identified as A. cantonensis.

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“…Apart from these major expeditions, there are several scattered literatures available from the region on the molluscs (Benson 1837;Hutton & Benson 1838;Theobald 1862Theobald , 1881Nevill 1878a;Hora 1928;Hora et al 1955;Rajagopal & Rao 1968, 1972Agarwal 1976;Kaul et al 1980;Dutta & Malhotra 1986;Sajan et al 2019Sajan et al , 2020Sajan et al , 2021. Some of the works are part of large compilations of literature from adjoining regions as well (Benson 1857;Benson 1863;Godwin-Austen 1899;Rao 1989;Dey & Mitra 2000;Tripathy & Mukhopadhayay 2015;Tripathy et al 2018). Recent work on the survey of malacofauna diversity from the region is at a much smaller scale and very site-specific (Sharma et al 2009(Sharma et al , 2015Mir & Bakhtiyar 2022;Uttam et al 2022) and records of molluscs are mainly concerned on ecological studies especially of freshwater molluscs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated checklist of non-marine molluscs of the western Himalaya

Ahmed,

Aravind

2023

J. Threat. Taxa

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This paper presents the first comprehensive checklist of the non-marine molluscs from the western Himalaya, a region of high biodiversity and endemism. Based on faunistic surveys during 2019-2023 and published records, the paper reports 242 species belonging to 101 genera and 45 families of gastropods and bivalves, of which 168 species are endemic to the region. The paper also provides new distribution records and taxonomic notes for some species. Among the notable findings are the first records of Limax mayae, Oxyloma sp., Odhneripisidium kuiperi, Thiara aspera from India, and Bensonies jamuensis, Euaustenia cassida, Stagnicola sp. from the western Himalaya. The paper presents some species with substitutional illustrations and literature from the region for the past two centuries. Additionally, the paper also discusses the threats that non-marine molluscs face in the western Himalaya and suggests some conservation measures to protect them. The authors hope this paper will serve as a baseline for future studies on the diversity, distribution, ecology, and conservation of non-marine molluscs in the western Himalaya.

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Freshwater Molluscs of India: An Insight of into Their Diversity, Distribution and Conservation

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

A revision of the extant species of Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Neritidae) in Asia, with the description of three new species

A revision of the extant species of Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Neritidae) in Asia, with the description of three new species

An Overview of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae), an Emerging Cause of Human Angiostrongylosis on the Indian Subcontinent

An updated checklist of non-marine molluscs of the western Himalaya

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