Freshwater ice thickness apparatus based on differences in electrical resistance and temperature

Lake ice measurements from soil water content reflectometer sensors

“…Ice temperature information is needed to calculate ice thickness with other techniques. The electrical resistance sensors of Cui et al () require air, ice and water temperature measurements to correct resistance measurements before thickness is derived. The relationship between temperature and ice growth/decay shown in Fig.…”

“…While short‐scale temporal modeling is possible, models are sensitive to atmospheric wind speed, the condition and depth of snow on top of the ice, surface albedo and radiation fluxes and uncertainties limit to model accuracy. Recently, to measure ice thickness Cui et al () demonstrates new methodology that utilizes in situ measurements of electrical resistance to model ice thickness. This approach allows a direct measurement of the ice sheet, but requires a temperature‐dependent correction and a complex, custom build sensor array.…”

Design and Application of High-Precision Temperature Measuring Instrument for Ice Cover Profile of River Based on the Resistance Residual Compensation Method

“…In order to accurately understand the changes of the daily temperature profile, the acquisition frequency of the instrument was set to once per hour, and the acquired data was uploaded to the data centre through wireless communication technology. The interface recognition algorithms of ice/water and snow/ice please refer to our previous papers [11], [23]. According to the interface recognition algorithms of ice/water and snow/ice, the ice thickness at 08:00 every day from December 15, 2017 to March 24, 2018 is shown in Fig.10.…”

“…Temperature affects the growing and melting of congelation ice by heat conduction. The equation for calculating the growth rate of ice cover can be found in references [11], [20]. Because there is a great fluctuation of air temperature in spring and night, in order to reduce the misjudgement caused by the large temperature difference, we define the period in which the growth rate of ice cover is ''0'' for ten consecutive days as stabilizing phase.…”

“…Lei deployed a floating temperature chain buoy at Alpha Ridge in the central arctic ocean and calculated the ice thickness change process over 10 months by the heat flux method [10]. In 2008, Qin put forward the method of using DS18B20 digital temperature sensor to manufacture a multi-point temperature detection instrument for the recognition of the interface between water and ice, and applied it to some ice condition observation points in Yellow River [11]. In the past ten years, various types of contact temperature chains have helped the scientists to preliminary understand the seawater or freshwater ice internal growing and melting process, however, we also notice that the measuring accuracy of the temperature sensor used in the low-temperature environment is far lower than the normal temperature environment, even though it has been corrected, the measurement error is still very big within a wide temperature range [12].…”