Freshwater fishes from Paraná State, Brazil: an annotated list, with comments on biogeographic patterns, threats, and future perspectives

Abstract

An annotated checklist for the freshwater fishes from Paraná State, Brazil is provided. A total of 440 freshwater fish species are recorded for the state, distributed across five ecoregions: Upper Parana, Lower Parana, and Iguassu, all within the rio Paraná basin, and corresponding to the state’s Inland Slope, and Southeastern Mata Atlantica and Ribeira de Iguape, corresponding to the Atlantic Slope, encompassing minor coastal drainages emptying in the Baía de Paranaguá or in the Baía de Guaratuba, and the rio Ribeira de Iguape basin, respectively. The Upper Parana ecoregion ocuppies the larger in area in the state, and is divided into the following sub-ecoregions: Floodplain, Paranapanema, Piquiri, and Ivaí. Species richness for each ecoregion is as follows: 273 species for the Upper Parana (Paranapanema sub-ecoregion, 217 species; Floodplain sub-ecoregion, 193 species; Piquiri sub-ecoregion, 154 species; Ivaí sub-ecoregion, 132 species), 154 species in the Lower Parana, 127 species in the Iguassu, 68 species in the Southeastern Mata Atlantica, and 50 species in the Ribeira de Iguape. We recorded 42 putatively undescribed species and 117 endemic species from specific ecoregions (except Upper Parana) or sub-ecoregions in the state. Ninety-eight species recorded are non-native from at least one of the state’s ecoregions. Thirty-three species are considered threatened. The ecoregions in the Atlantic Slope share many more species with each other than with ecoregions in the Inland Slope. The Iguassu ecoregion is the only one located in Inland Slope that shares more species with the Atlantic Slope than with the remaining ecoregions from the Inland Slope. The Ivaí sub-ecoregion lacks several species that are common to all other sub-ecoregions of the Upper Parana ecoregion. Comments on the historical development of taxonomic knowledge, biogeography, threats, and conservation strategies for the fish fauna from the Paraná State are provided.

Monitoring fish communities through environmental DNA metabarcoding in the fish pass system of the second largest hydropower plant in the world

“…The Neotropical region harbors one of the largest freshwater biodiversity, with an estimated 9,000 described fish species (around 30% of total freshwater species) 11 . The increasing construction of dams is threatening fish populations over the entire planet 63–65 but specially in Neotropical countries such as Brazil 5,66,67 , and effective ways to monitor fish biodiversity to understand its impact is essential.…”

Length‐weight relationships for seven endemic fish species from streams of the last two large remaining dam‐free tributaries of the Upper Paraná River Floodplain in the Paraná State, Brazil

“…Considering only the endemic species described for this ecoregion in the state, we present LWR parameters for 63.6% of them (see all endemic described and undescribed species in Reis, et al, 2020a).…”

Ichthyofauna in the last free-flowing river of the Lower Iguaçu basin: the importance of tributaries for conservation of endemic species

“…This unique fauna arose from the isolation of this basin caused by the formation of the Iguaçu Falls some 22 million years ago (Oligo-Miocene period) (Severi and Cordeiro 1994). Currently, approximately 127 species of fish are known from the Iguaçu river basin (Reis et al 2020). Many of these species have been described in the last decade, although taxonomic problems remain (Baumgartner et al 2012), indicating that the diversity may be underestimated.…”