Freshening of the Mediterranean Salt Giant: controversies and certainties around the terminal (Upper Gypsum and Lago-Mare) phases of the Messinian Salinity Crisis

Andreetto, Federico; Aloisi, Giovanni; Raad, Fadl; Heida, Hanneke; Flecker, Rachel; Agiadi, Konstantina; Lofi, Johanna; Blondel, Simon; Bulian, Francesca; Camerlenghi, Angelo; Caruso, Antonio; Ebner, Ronja; García‐Castellanos, Daniel; Gaullier, Virginie; Guibourdenche, Laetitia; Gvirtzman, Zohar; Hoyle, Thomas M.; Meijer, Paul; Moneron, Jimmy; Sierro, Francisco Javier; Travan, Gaia; Tzevahirtzian, Athina; Vasiliev, Iuliana; Krijgsman, Wout

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103577

Cited by 49 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 326 publications

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“…Therefore, we can envisage a late involvement of Pliocene deposits into the reactivated thrust zones at the VR front. In this interpretation, the Chaotic complex was already exhumed likely after the strong erosion related to the Messinian salinity crisis [137][138][139][140], which also affected the Ernici Mts [77], implying reactivation in the rear [49]. In this context, the late Messinian shortening event could be correlated with the late orogenic structures in the northern VR that are crossed by a series of SW-directed backthrusts (Figure 11).…”

Section: The Late Stages Of Shorteningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining the Passive to Active Margin Tectonics of the Internal Central Apennines: Insights from Biostratigraphy, Structural, and Seismic Analysis

et al. 2021

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The polyphase structural evolution of a sector of the internal Central Apennines, where the significance of pelagic deposits atop neritic carbonate platform and active margin sediments has been long debated, is here documented. The results of a new geological survey in the Volsci Range, supported by new stratigraphic constraints from the syn-orogenic deposits, are integrated with the analysis of 2D seismic reflection lines and available wells in the adjacent Latin Valley. Late Cretaceous syn-sedimentary faults are documented and interpreted as steps linking a carbonate platform to the adjacent pelagic basin, located to the west. During Tortonian time, the pelagic deposits were squeezed off and juxtaposed as mélange units on top of the carbonate platform. Subsurface data highlighted stacked thrust sheets that were first involved into an initial in-sequence propagation with top-to-the-ENE, synchronous to late Tortonian foredeep to wedge-top sedimentation. We distinguish up to four groups of thrust faults that occurred during in-sequence (thrusts 1–3; about 55–60 km shortening) and backthrusting (thrust 4). During Pliocene to recent times, the area has been uplifted and subsequently extended by normal faults cross-cutting the accretionary wedge. Beside regional interest, our findings bear implications on the kinematic evolution of an orogenic wedge affected by far-traveled units.

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Section: The Late Stages Of Shorteningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining the Passive to Active Margin Tectonics of the Internal Central Apennines: Insights from Biostratigraphy, Structural, and Seismic Analysis

et al. 2021

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“…1 b; see Andreetto et al [ 20 ], and references therein). However, new evidence from the Italian fossil record indicates that fish assemblages were dominated by taxa characterized by a strict marine affinity, thereby suggesting that, at least around the Italian Peninsula, the Mediterranean was filled by marine waters with a normal salinity [ 20 ]. In any case, it is likely that the paleo-environments and the paleogeography of some portions of the circum-Mediterranean area were significantly modified during the MSC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Major parts of the Mediterranean Sea quickly dried out, leaving an arid landscape similar to intermontane deserts of California and Nevada [ 12 , 19 ], interspersed during stage 3 with non-marine palaeobiotopes, i.e., a brackish lake system inhabited by ostracods, molluscs and dinocysts, the so-called ‘Lago-Mare’ (Fig. 1 b; see Andreetto et al [ 20 ], and references therein). However, new evidence from the Italian fossil record indicates that fish assemblages were dominated by taxa characterized by a strict marine affinity, thereby suggesting that, at least around the Italian Peninsula, the Mediterranean was filled by marine waters with a normal salinity [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography of Italy revisited: genetic lineages confirm major phylogeographic patterns and a pre-Pleistocene origin of its biota

et al. 2021

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Warm-adapted species survived the cold stages of the past glacial-interglacial cycles in southern European peninsulas and recolonized major parts of Central and Northern Europe in the wake of postglacial warming. However, many of the genetic lineages which differentiated within these refugia predate even the Pleistocene. One of these refugia is the Italian Peninsula with its surrounding islands. In this meta-analysis, we compiled phylogeographic patterns of multiple species across this region. We transformed existing geographic information on 78 animal and plant species (with a total of 471 genetic lineages) within 17 predefined areas into presence/absence matrices. We elaborated three matrices: (i) only old lineages exclusively distinguished by deep splits, (ii) only young lineages distinguished by shallow (i.e. recent) splits, and (iii) presence/absence of the respective species. To infer biogeographic relationships between the predefined areas, we performed bootstrapped neighbour joining cluster analyses on these three matrices. In addition, we reviewed the geological history of Italy to identify causes of the observed biogeographic patterns. We found Sardinia and Corsica to be biogeographically closely linked with each other, and that they diverge strongly from all other regions. Sicily also diverges strongly from all other regions, while the intra-island differentiation was comparatively low. On the Italian mainland, Calabria exhibited the most pronounced biogeographic differentiation, often with several lineages present, resulting from old vicariance events within the region. Furthermore, southern Apulia and the Po Plain with adjoining areas of northern peninsular Italy displayed considerable distinctiveness. Admixture prevailed in the areas between these three regions. The ancient isolation of Sicily, as well as Sardinia plus Corsica, resulted in endemic lineages with only moderate recent exchange with adjacent mainland regions. Pronounced diversification occurs within the Italian Peninsula. The complex tectonic activities, such as shifting (micro)plates, submergence of major parts of peninsular Italy with the genesis of numerous Pliocene islands, in combination with the climatic cycles during the Pleistocene have most likely generated the current biogeographic pattern of species. Immigrations from the Balkan Peninsula into northern Italy partly accounted for the distinctiveness of this region.

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“…Primary gypsum deposition took place again in the southern (Caltanissetta basin) and eastern (Cyprus, Crete) Mediterranean marginal basins in the third phase of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (5.55 -5.33 Ma) forming the Upper Gypsum unit (corresponding to the Upper Evaporites) that consist of up to 8 marl/gypsum cycles (Roveri et al, 2014). The third phase of the Messinian Salinity Crisis also contains a nonevaporitic, brackish water deposit called Lago-Mare (Andreetto et al, 2021) that preceded the reconnection of the Mediterranean with the Atlantic Ocean at the Miocene-Pliocene boundary (5.33 Ma).…”

Section: Geological Setting Of Mediterranean Salt Giant Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The geochemical riddle of “low-salinity gypsum” deposits

Aloisi

Guibourdenche

Natalicchio

et al. 2022

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Freshening of the Mediterranean Salt Giant: controversies and certainties around the terminal (Upper Gypsum and Lago-Mare) phases of the Messinian Salinity Crisis

Cited by 49 publications

References 326 publications

Constraining the Passive to Active Margin Tectonics of the Internal Central Apennines: Insights from Biostratigraphy, Structural, and Seismic Analysis

Constraining the Passive to Active Margin Tectonics of the Internal Central Apennines: Insights from Biostratigraphy, Structural, and Seismic Analysis

Biogeography of Italy revisited: genetic lineages confirm major phylogeographic patterns and a pre-Pleistocene origin of its biota

The geochemical riddle of “low-salinity gypsum” deposits

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