Fresh dairy manure characteristics and barnlot nutrient losses

Safley, L. M.; Westerman, P. W.; Barker, James C.

doi:10.1016/0141-4607(86)90094-6

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Unlike nutrient inputs from farms, feedlots and domestic sewage, which tend to supply nutrients with a low N:P ratio to receiving waters , direct excretion from cattle is likely to have a relatively high ratio of available nitrogen to available phosphorus. Although the atomic TN:TP of fresh cattle excreta (urine plus faeces) is relatively low overall (7-16, Overcash et al, 1983), much of the nitrogen is present as urea in the urine (which is rapidly mineralized to ammonia, van Faassen & van Dijk, 1987), while most of the phosphorus is particulate (Loehr, 1974;Safley et al, 1985). The atomic TN:TP ratio of cattle urine is typically very high (Ͼ 100) relative to the ratio for faeces (Ͻ 20) (Loehr, 1974;Safley et al, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between nutrients and trophic‐level biomass in turbid tropical ponds

et al. 1998

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1. The total phosphorus–algal biomass relationship from a set of turbid tropical ponds in Kenya was compared with predictions derived from surveys of temperate and subtropical lakes. Despite high concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) (up to 797 μg L–1) and inorganic turbidity (up to 800 mg L–1), the log–log relationship between algal biomass and TP was steeper than expected. 2. No evidence of nitrogen limitation was found at high TP, and total nitrogen (TN):TP ratios were higher than in lakes with similar TP levels studied previously. High TN:TP ratios may be a consequence of excretion by cattle into the ponds, a nutrient source characterized by a high ratio of available N to available P. 3. Despite extremely high turbidity, the ratio of mixed layer depth to euphotic depth was generally low because these ponds are shallow (≤ 2 m), and was not related to algal yield. A positive relationship was also found between TP and zooplankton biomass, and between TP and the density of the zooplanktivorous bug, Anisops. In contrast, no relationship was found between fish biomass and TP, algal biomass or zooplankton biomass.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between nutrients and trophic‐level biomass in turbid tropical ponds

et al. 1998

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“…The gradual accumulation of organic matter and the development of microbial biofilms at the bottom of earthen manure ponds and in the underlying soils (Tyner & Lee, 2004) reduce hydraulic conductivity and inhibit infiltration of manure liquor into the groundwater (Maulé et al, 2000). Nitrogen in manure ponds, originating from cattle feces and urine, appears mainly in the form of ammonia and organic nitrogen (Safley et al, 1986). The manure ponds are highly anoxic, and oxidation of ammonia to nitrate can be achieved only by intensive aeration (McGarvey et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia transformations and abundance of ammonia oxidizers in a clay soil underlying a manure pond

Sher

Baram

Dahan

et al. 2012

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

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Unlined manure ponds are constructed on clay soil worldwide to manage farm waste. Seepage of ammonia-rich liquor into underlying soil layers contributes to groundwater contamination by nitrate. To identify the possible processes that lead to the production of nitrate from ammonia in this oxygen-limited environment, we studied the diversity and abundance of ammonia-transforming microorganisms under an unlined manure pond. The numbers of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria were most abundant in the top of the soil profile and decreased significantly with depth (0.5 m), correlating with soil pore-water ammonia concentrations and soil ammonia concentrations, respectively. On the other hand, the numbers of ammonia-oxidizing archaea were relatively constant throughout the soil profile (10(7) amoA copies per g(soil)). Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria were detected mainly in the top 0.2 m. The results suggest that nitrate accumulation in the vadose zone under the manure pond could be the result of complete aerobic nitrification (ammonia oxidation to nitrate) and could exist as a byproduct of anammox activity. While the majority of the nitrogen was removed within the 0.5-m soil section, possibly by combined anammox and heterotrophic denitrification, a fraction of the produced nitrate leached into the groundwater.

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“…[7] Recently, the sequential fractionation strategies have been used to characterize manure P and changes in soil P pools after manure application to soil. Dou et al [4] speculated that Ca-P is the major binding complex for manure P, based on previous reports that Ca and K are the dominant cations in dairy manure, [12] and the release of Ca paralleled that of P when fishwaste compost was extracted with 0.01 M NaCl. This risk may be due to two factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Investigation of Sequentially Extracted Phosphorus Fractions in a Sandy Loam Soil and a Swine Manure

Honeycutt

Griffin

2003

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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Sequential fractionation is one of the most common methods used to investigate phosphorus (P) forms in soils. The strategy can be used for evaluating bioavailability of soil P and for investigating the relationship between soil P transformation and soil development. Recently, the strategy of sequential fractionation has been used to investigate manure and compost P and their changes after application to soils. However, the physico-chemical characteristics of animal manure may differ from those of soils. Evaluation is therefore needed to determine if sequentially extracted P forms based on soil studies are applicable for manure. In this study we fractionated P in a sandy loam soil and a swine (Sus scrofa) manure with H 2 O, 0.5 M NaHCO 3 , 0.1 M NaOH, and 1.0 M HCl. The P distribution in soil was 0.2% H 2 O-extractable, 11% NaHCO 3 -extractable, 58% NaOH-extractable, 14% HCl-extractable, and 16% residual P. In contrast, P distribution in swine manure was 48% H 2 O-extractable, 19% NaHCO 3 -extractable, 18% NaOH-extractable, 11% HCl-extractable, and 3% residual P. Elemental analyses, ultraviolet (UV)/visible spectra, and Fourier-transform infrared (FT/IR) spectra revealed distinct differences in chemical composition between soil and swine manure. The NaOH fraction of soil contained 128 mmol aluminum (Al) and 5.8 mmol iron (Fe) per kg of dry matter; however, the NaOH fraction of manure contained only 8.8 mmol Al and 0.6 mmol Fe per kg of dry matter. Concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in various fractions of manure, however, were much higher than in soil. The soil was inorganic mineral-based, and the animal manure was organic residuebased. These data indicate it may not be appropriate to apply soil based fractionation interpretations to swine manure by exclusively assigning NaOH-extractable inorganic P (P i ) to Al-and Fe-P, and HCl-extractable-P i to Ca-P. We attribute the distinctly different P distribution patterns observed with sequential fractionation of soil and manure to their different physico-chemical properties. These differences must be recognized when developing and interpreting fractionation procedures for manure.

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Fresh dairy manure characteristics and barnlot nutrient losses

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

The relationship between nutrients and trophic‐level biomass in turbid tropical ponds

The relationship between nutrients and trophic‐level biomass in turbid tropical ponds

Ammonia transformations and abundance of ammonia oxidizers in a clay soil underlying a manure pond

Comparative Investigation of Sequentially Extracted Phosphorus Fractions in a Sandy Loam Soil and a Swine Manure

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