Fresh and Hardened Properties of Concrete Incorporating Binary Blend of Metakaolin and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as Supplementary Cementitious Material

Abstract

The growing demand for cement has created a significant impact on the environment. Cement production requires huge energy consumptions; however, Pakistan is currently facing a severe energy crisis. Researchers are therefore engaged with the introduction of agricultural/industrial waste materials with cementitious properties to reduce not only cement production but also energy consumption, as well as helping protect the environment. This research aims to investigate the influence of binary cementitious material (BCM) on fresh and hardened concrete mixes prepared with metakaolin (MK) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a partial replacement of cement. The replacement proportions of BCM used were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of cement. A total of five mixes were prepared with 1 : 1.5 : 3 mix proportion at 0.54 water-cement ratios. A total of 255 concrete specimens were prepared to investigate the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of concrete after 7, 28, and 56 days, respectively. It was perceived that the workability of concrete mixes decreased with an increasing percentage of MK and GGBFS. Also, the density and permeability of concrete decreased with an increasing quantity of BCM after 28 days. Conversely, the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of concrete were enhanced by 12.28%, 9.33%, and 9.93%, respectively, at 10% of BCM after 28 days. The carbonation depth reduced with a rise in content of BCM (up to 10%) and then later improved after 28, 90, and 180 days. Moreover, the effect of chloride attack in concrete is reduced with the inclusion of BCM after 28 and 90 days. Similarly, the drying shrinkage of concrete decreased with an increase in the content of BCM after 40 days.

Effect of Wheat Straw Ash on Fresh and Hardened Concrete Reinforced with Jute Fiber

“…It was observed that the flexural strength was enhanced while utilizing jute fiber up to 0.50% and WSA equal to 30% together in concrete. is opinion was in agreement with that of Bheel et al [45] that the flexural strength was enhanced as the extent of metakaolin and GGBFS equal to 10% as the binary cementitious component in concrete improved.…”

“…It was observed that the permeability of concrete was reduced while jute fiber and WSA utilized increase together in concrete. is opinion conforms with that of Bheel et al [45] that the permeability of concrete was reduced as the extent of metakaolin and GGBFS as the binary cementitious component in concrete increases.…”

“…is opinion was in agreement with that of Bheel et al [36] that the tensile strength was enhanced as the increase in the extent of WSA equal to 10% as the cementitious constituent in concrete. is similar trend was observed by Bheel et al [45,46].…”

Optimization of Arabian‐Shield‐Based Natural Pozzolan and Silica Fume for High‐Performance Concrete Using Statistical Design of Experiments

“…Portland cement (PC) is a raw construction material that is currently consumed in huge quantities (approximately 4.0 billion tons annually), and by 2030, its global production is projected to be approximately 5.5 billion tons [1,2]. e expeditious infrastructure growth in Asia, Middle East, and other developing regions in the world is expected to increase the demand for cement and concrete products [3].…”

“…Silica fume (SF), fly ash (FA), metakaolin (MK), and a broad series of NPs are regularly used as SCMs in concrete production. With regard to pozzolanic reactivity, the finer the SCM particles ( ≤ 75 μm) are, the more favorable the cement response is [2,3]. erefore, SF is probably the preferred SCM owing to its superfine particles and, consequently, its significant pozzolanic activity.…”