Frequent occurrence of Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus in tomato leaf curl disease affected tomato in Oman

Abstract

Next generation sequencing (NGS) of DNAs amplified by rolling circle amplification from 6 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with leaf curl symptoms identified a number of monopartite begomoviruses, including Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), and a betasatellite (Tomato leaf curl betasatellite [ToLCB]). Both TYLCV and ToLCB have previously been identified infecting tomato in Oman. Surprisingly the NGS results also suggested the presence of the bipartite, legume-adapted begomovirus Mungbean yellow mosaic Indian virus (MYMIV). The presence of MYMIV was confirmed by cloning and Sanger sequencing from four of the six plants. A wider analysis by PCR showed MYMIV infection of tomato in Oman to be widespread. Inoculation of plants with full-length clones showed the host range of MYMIV not to extend to Nicotiana benthamiana or tomato. Inoculation to N. benthamiana showed TYLCV to be capable of maintaining MYMIV in both the presence and absence of the betasatellite. In tomato MYMIV was only maintained by TYLCV in the presence of the betasatellite and then only at low titre and efficiency. This is the first identification of TYLCV with ToLCB and the legume adapted bipartite begomovirus MYMIV co-infecting tomato. This finding has far reaching implications. TYLCV has spread around the World from its origins in the Mediterranean/Middle East, in some instances, in live tomato planting material. The results here may suggest that begomoviruses which do not commonly infect tomato, such as MYMIV, could be spread as a passenger of TYLCV in tomato.

Next-Generation Sequencing and the CRISPR-Cas Nexus: A Molecular Plant Virology Perspective

“…Apple stem grooving virus, blackberry chlorotic ringspot virus, and prunus necrotic ringspot virus, in addition to a previously unknown rose-leaf rosette-associated virus, were identified as infecting rose plants using the Illumina-Solexa sequencing platform (He et al, 2015). Recently, a mixed infection of tomato yellow leaf cur virus (TYLCV), mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMIV), and an associated tomato leaf curl betasatellite was identified in tomato plants using the Illumina HighSeq 4000PE101 platform (Shahid et al, 2019). Liang et al (2015) employed the Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing platform to detect a novel apple geminivirus (AGV) infecting apple trees in China.…”

Watermelon Chlorotic Stunt Virus is Associated with Cucumber Yellow Mosaic Symptoms in Oman

“…To further characterize the virus from cucumber samples, four random selected PCR positive samples were used in Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA) as described earlier (Shahid et al 2017). The concatamers of the RCA products were used in endonuclease reaction and monomer begomovirus fragments (~2.7 kb) were produced with HindIII and PstI restriction enzymes (Shahid et al 2019b). The linear DNA fragments were excised from 1% gel electrophoresis, purified and ligated into pUC19 vector at the compatible restriction enzyme sites.…”

A review on the novel discoveries of Begomoviruses in Oman

“…Recently, ToLCD caused by mixed infection was identified using NGS technology, where mixed infection was identified from tomato plants infected with TYLCV-IR strain, ToLCB and a legume infecting bipartite begomovirus, Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV). The biological activities of the whole virus complex were also studied in N. benthamiana (a model host) and tomato (natural) host plants (Shahid et al, 2019b).…”