Frequent Long-Distance Plant Colonization in the Changing Arctic

Abstract

Brain processing depends on the interactions between neuronal groups. Those interactions are governed by the pattern of anatomical connections and by yet unknown mechanisms that modulate the effective strength of a given connection. We found that the mutual influence among neuronal groups depends on the phase relation between rhythmic activities within the groups. Phase relations supporting interactions between the groups preceded those interactions by a few milliseconds, consistent with a mechanistic role. These effects were specific in time, frequency, and space, and we therefore propose that the pattern of synchronization flexibly determines the pattern of neuronal interactions.

Are islands the end of the colonization road?

“…Longdistance mainland-to-island colonizations have been reported in plants (e.g. [47,48]) and we predict that further phylogeographic studies, involving far islands or archipelagos as well as continents, might shed light on the pattern and frequency of long-distance colonization in both directions.…”

Genetic differentiation of Rubus chamaemorus populations in the Czech Republic and Norway after the last glacial period

“…They grouped into two genetic groups: one unique to Spitsbergen populations and one shared between Spitsbergen and continental North Norway populations (Figure 2). If the hypothesis that Spitsbergen was colonized by Rubus chamaemorus from the Ural Mountains or from western Siberia (Alsos et al., 2007) is true, then the unique genetic population could be a remnant of the original population from Siberia. Similarly in the Krkonose Mountains, genetic populations represented by clusters K3 and K5 could be remnants of the original gene pool of cloudberry populations.…”

Geographical parthenogenesis, genome size variation and pollen production in the arctic-alpine species Hieracium alpinum

“…Furthermore, long-distance dispersal is stochastic and usually involves singular Western Carpathians (3x) 34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,45,46,47,48 37 -(all plants) ?? ? http://doc.rero.ch 7 events only (Nathan 2006, but see Alsos et al 2007), maybe restricting the invasion of the diploid range by triploids. Nevertheless, the strict allopatry of H. alpinum cytotypes would probably be better explained by restricted effective dispersal involving adaptive mechanisms that further prevent recruitment.…”