Human exposure to
hand‐arm vibration
arises from occupational use of vibrating hand‐held, hand‐guided, or hand‐fed machines. Exposure is associated with the development of sensorineural, vascular, and musculoskeletal disorders, collectively known as the hand‐arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). The standardized methods, and their limitations, for measurement and evaluation of worker vibration exposure and the vibration emission of machinery are discussed. Disabling cases of HAVS are preventable if employers apply good practice to minimize risk and provide health surveillance for workers at risk; this chapter discusses risk assessment for HAVS and the control of that risk, giving examples of good practice. Exposure limits and action levels laid down in national legislation or guidance, in the European Union, Japan, and the United States, are discussed and compared.