Frequency Standards in the Optical Spectrum

Bergquist, J. C.; Itano, Wayne M.; Diedrich, F.; Weimer, Carl

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-88421-4_12

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In order to avoid quadrupole shifts by the trap field, the applied trap voltage contained no dc component. The residual shift due to uncompensated stray field gradients is estimated to be not larger than 1 Hz for atomic D 3/2 and D 5/2 states [11]. An arrangement of compensation coils was used to adjust a magnetic field of 1 ± 0.2µT in the trap region during excitation of the 171 Yb + clock transition.…”

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confidence: 99%

Absolute frequency measurement of the 4355-nm ^171Yb^+-clock transition with a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

et al. 2001

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confidence: 99%

Absolute frequency measurement of the 4355-nm ^171Yb^+-clock transition with a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

et al. 2001

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“…Measured linewidths as narrow as 6.7 Hz on the 282-nm transition have recently been reported [11]. For an averaging time in seconds, the projected instability of an optical frequency standard using a single Hg ion is 1 10 and fractional frequency uncertainties approaching 1 10 seem feasible [12].…”

Section: A Ion Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fractional frequency uncertainties as small as 1 10 have been predicted for single trapped-ion optical standards [12]. This ambitious goal is three orders of magnitude beyond the present state of the art frequency standards and brings to focus many technical challenges that will need to be addressed.…”

Section: Stability Requirements and Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical frequency standards and measurements

Hollberg

Oates

Curtis

et al. 2001

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

108

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We describe the performance characteristics and frequency measurements of two high-accuracy high-stability lasercooled atomic frequency standards. One is a 657-nm (456-THz) reference using magneto-optically trapped Ca atoms, and the other is a 282-nm (1064-THz) reference based on a single Hg + ion confined in an RF-Paul trap. A femtosecond mode-locked laser combined with a nonlinear microstructure fiber produces a broad and stable comb of optical modes that is used to measure the frequencies of the reference lasers locked to the atomic standards. The measurement system is referenced to the primary frequency standard NIST F-1, a Cs atomic fountain clock. Both optical standards demonstrate exceptional short-term instability ( 5 10 15 at 1 s), as well as excellent reproducibility over time. In light of our expectations for the future of optical frequency standards, we consider the present performance of the femtosecond optical frequency comb, along with its limitations and future requirements. (NIST)], Boulder, CO, where he is currently a NIST Fellow and Ion-Storage Group Leader in the Time and Frequency Division. His research has concentrated on laser cooling and spectroscopy of trapped atomic ions with applications to atomic clocks, cold plasmas, and fundamental tests. More recent work has focused on quantum-state engineering with applications to quantum information processing and quantum-limited measurements.

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“…The development of the frequency comb began in the late 1970s, when it was recognized that the broadband output of a picosecond pulsed dye laser system enabled spanning hyperfine structure splittings in sodium with a separation of about 1 GHz [39]. Apart from some related two-photon work [40]- [42], the development of the FM laser [43] and a proposal to use a frequency comb as an optical-to-rf divider [44], the potential for mode-locked lasers for metrology lay dormant for about two decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical frequency stabilization and optical phase locked loops: Golden threads of precision measurement

Taubman

2013

2013 American Control Conference

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Stabilization of lasers through locking to optical cavities, and the transitions of atoms and molecules has revolutionized the field of precision optical measurement since shortly after the invention of the laser. Phase locking of one laser to another, formed the basis for linking stable lasers across the optical spectrum, the resulting frequency chains exhibiting progressively finer precision through the years. Phase locking between the modes within a femtosecond pulsed laser has yielded the optical frequency comb, one of the most elegant and useful instruments of our time. This tutorial paper gives an overview of these topics, from early work through to the latest 1E-17 fractional uncertainty attained for an optical clock, and the ongoing quest for ever finer precision and accuracy.

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Frequency Standards in the Optical Spectrum

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Absolute frequency measurement of the 4355-nm ^171Yb^+-clock transition with a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Absolute frequency measurement of the 4355-nm ^171Yb^+-clock transition with a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Optical frequency standards and measurements

Optical frequency stabilization and optical phase locked loops: Golden threads of precision measurement

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