Frequency stabilization of semiconductor lasers by resonant optical feedback

Dahmani, B.; Hollberg, L.; Drullinger, R. E.

doi:10.1364/ol.12.000876

Cited by 532 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This configuration was demonstrated by Dahmani et al 4 to lead to great (100OX) reduction in the laser linewidth. If we-consider the external resonator, properly detuned, as a frequencydependent loss element, it is an easy and short task to show that the C parameter [see Eq.…”

Section: (E*(t)e(t + -R)) = Ao 2 Exp[-112(k 2 (-))]mentioning

confidence: 83%

Self-quenching of fundamental phase and amplitude noise in semiconductor lasers with dispersive loss

1990

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We show theoretically that the incorporation of a frequency-dependent loss mechanism in a semiconductor laser can lead, in concert with the amplitude-to-phase coupling, to major reductions of the fundamental intensity and phase noise. A loss dispersion of the wrong sign, on the other hand, leads to an increase of the noise and, at a certain strength, to instability. The optical field is taken aswhere 5(t) and OM(t) are the noise-driven amplitude and phase excursions, respectively. The loss is represented by a frequency-dependent photon lifetime Tp,Tp rpo (2) with rnm the average frequency and xi ( 3 ) and Xr(3) the imaginary and real part of the third-order amplifying medium susceptibility so that a is the amplitude-tophase coupling factor. A formal solution of Eqs. (3) with 6(0) = 0, q(0) = 0 leads toW' WI (1 + Ca), This is the key ensatz. It stipulates that the loss rate where Ai and Ar are, respectively, the real and imaginary parts of the Langevin noise sources representing the spontaneous emission, and (5) (6) (7) where co' is seen to play the role of the fundamental decay rate of the fluctuations. This rate increases for Ca >O. Taking first the case of col'> O we can neglect the decaying terms, i.e., terms with cl'(t -X), in the exponent of Eq. (6) A~k Xr(3)°1---

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Section: (E*(t)e(t + -R)) = Ao 2 Exp[-112(k 2 (-))]mentioning

confidence: 83%

Self-quenching of fundamental phase and amplitude noise in semiconductor lasers with dispersive loss

1990

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“…The traditional extended-cavity diode lasers (ECDLs) [1] and distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers have typical linewidths of a few hundred kilohertz to a few ten megahertz, and specially fabricated DBR lasers have achieved an intrinsic linewidth of a few kilohertz [2,3]. Optical feedback from a resonator [4] is a common approach to reduce the linewidth of an ECDL, and recent systems [5][6][7] have demonstrated linewidth narrowing down to 7 kHz. Other linewidth narrowing schemes, such as active electronic stabilization to a high-finesse, ultrastable vertical cavity [8,9], or an all-fiber Michelson interferometer [10], have achieved subhertz linewidth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Long-external-cavity distributed Bragg reflector laser with subkilohertz intrinsic linewidth

et al. 2012

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We report on a simple, compact, and robust 780 nm distributed Bragg reflector laser with subkilohertz intrinsic linewidth. An external cavity with optical path length of 3.6 m, implemented with an optical fiber, reduces the laser frequency noise by several orders of magnitude. At frequencies above 100 kHz the frequency noise spectral density is reduced by over 33 dB, resulting in an intrinsic Lorentzian linewidth of 300 Hz. The remaining lowfrequency noise is easily removed by stabilization to an external reference cavity. We further characterize the influence of feedback power and current variation on the intrinsic linewidth. In this Letter, we present a tunable, long-externalcavity DBR laser with a 3000-fold reduction of its intrinsic linewidth to 300 Hz. This is achieved by implementing a 3.6 m long external cavity using an optical fiber. The system exhibits noise suppression of over 33 dB at frequencies of 100 kHz and above. Low-frequency noise due to mechanical or thermal fluctuations in the feedback path can be controlled by stabilizing the laser to a reference cavity using an active servo loop. Feedback-induced mode instability [16] is avoided by operating within a 13 dB wide range of feedback power.We use a 780 nm DBR laser (Photodigm PH780DBR120T8-S) with 120 mW maximum output power as our source. The laser diode has a front facet reflectivity close to 1%, effective gain region length of 1.8 mm, and DBR reflectivity of 60% (all values are nominal values provided by manufacturer). The diode is temperature stabilized to slightly below room temperature. Throughout our measurements, we operated the laser at 100 mA (16 mW total output power). A beam splitter deflects 10% of the laser power into a 2 m long polarization-maintaining optical fiber that constitutes the feedback path (Fig. 1). An aperture is added before the angled fiber to block unwanted backreflection from the fiber tip. A mirror mounted on a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) reflects the light back into the fiber, and a quarterwave plate in combination with a polarizing beam splitter is used to adjust the feedback power. A maximum −30 dB fractional power can be reflected back into the laser. (Henceforth we denote the fractional feedback power incident on the laser collimator as p, which may be less than the fractional power that is mode matched into the active region of the laser diode.) The externalcavity laser is set up on a 12 00 × 18 00 aluminum baseplate and enclosed by a plastic case to reduce environmental perturbations.In general, the effect of external cavity optical feedback depends on the feedback power, cavity length, and the phase of the feedback light, as summarized by Tkach Fig. 1. Schematic setup for the long-external-cavity laser and the frequency noise characterization. M, mirror; AP, aperture; PM fiber, polarization-maintaining fiber; QWP, quarter-wave plate; BS, beam splitter; PBS, polarization beam splitter; APD, avalanche photodiode; PZT, piezoelectric transducer.

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“…The heterodyne interferometer was constructed with three lasers: coupling, probe and reference. All lasers were single mode diode lasers with an external cavity optical feedback [8,9], i.e., with a resonant optical feedback from a separate optical cavity. Because the frequency noise of such lasers at large Fourier frequencies is strongly reduced in comparison with that of more common diode laser feedback methods constructed with an optical feedback from a grating (such as the Littman set-up and the Littrow set-up) [10], these lasers are well suited for applications where two independent lasers have to be phase locked by means of an optical phase-locked loop.…”

Section: Laser System and Heterodyne Interferometermentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral measurement of the caesium D2 line with a tunable heterodyne interferometer

Molella

Rinkleff

Danzmann

2006

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectros

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The optical properties of a caesium atomic beam driven on a resonant hyperfine transition in the D 2 line were studied as a function of the probe laser frequency. Using a third off-resonant laser system, a heterodyne interferometer allowed simultaneous absorption and phase shift measurements of either the probe or the coupling laser. The signal features of the probe and coupling laser transmitted intensities showed strong differences in the vicinity of the hyperfine transitions excited by the probe laser. Regular absorption signals and electromagnetically induced transparency were found in either transmitted intensities. Furthermore, light induced birefringence of the probe laser was measured.

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Frequency stabilization of semiconductor lasers by resonant optical feedback

Cited by 532 publications

References 14 publications

Self-quenching of fundamental phase and amplitude noise in semiconductor lasers with dispersive loss

Self-quenching of fundamental phase and amplitude noise in semiconductor lasers with dispersive loss

Long-external-cavity distributed Bragg reflector laser with subkilohertz intrinsic linewidth

Spectral measurement of the caesium D2 line with a tunable heterodyne interferometer

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