Frequency Stabilization of Megawatt-Class 140 GHz Gyrotrons at W7-X Using an Off-the-Shelf PLL System

Krier, L.; Avramidis, K.; Braune, H.; Gantenbein, G.; Illy, S.; Ioannidis, Zisis C.; Jelonnek, J.; Laqua, H. P.; Marsen, S.; Moseev, D.; Noke, F.; Pagonakis, Ioannis Gr.; Ruess, Tobias; Rzesnicki, T.; Stange, T.; Thumm, M.; Wolf, R. C.

doi:10.1109/irmmw-thz50926.2021.9566847

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Here a systematic renewal is taking place. Another future-oriented development is the external frequency stabilisation of the gyrotrons [7]. With the help of a phase lock loop (PLL), the frequency of the diode-type gyrotrons is controlled with the acceleration voltage as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ECRH-Power Upgrade at the Wendelstein 7-X Stellarator

Laqua

Avramidis²,

Braune³

et al. 2023

EPJ Web Conf.

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The existing ECRH system at W7-X consists of 10 gyrotrons, with output power levels ranging from 0.6 MW up to 1.0 MW each at a frequency of 140 GHz, quasi-optical transmission lines and microwave launchers at the plasma vessel. Compared to other large fusion experiments, W7-X has a relatively low power-to-volume ratio. However high heating power is particularly necessary for achieving high plasma beta values, where the improved confinement of fast ions, one of the optimization criteria of W7-X, can be examined. It is therefore necessary to expand the ECRH systems in several consecutive steps. It is planned to increase the number of gyrotron positions from 10 to 12 and at the same time to evolve the gyrotron output power in several development steps from 1 MW to nominal 1.5 MW and, finally, up to 2 MW. At the same time, the transmission lines will also be upgraded for 2 MW operation. A special effort is also made to improve the reliability of the system by the fast control system.

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Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ECRH-Power Upgrade at the Wendelstein 7-X Stellarator

Laqua

Avramidis²,

Braune³

et al. 2023

EPJ Web Conf.

Self Cite

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“…Advanced operation schemes have also been achieved, using either phase locking [102] or active predictive mode jumping assessments, allowing the gyrotron to operate closer to its optimal performance parameters [103].…”

Section: A Gyrotronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers in the Application of RF Vacuum Electronics

Armstrong

Snively

Shumail

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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The application of radio frequency (RF) vacuum electronics for the betterment of the human condition began soon after the invention of the first vacuum tubes in the 1920s and has not stopped since. Today, microwave vacuum devices are powering important applications in health treatment, material and biological science, wireless communication-terrestrial and space, Earth environment remote sensing, and the promise of safe, reliable, and inexhaustible energy. This article highlights some of the exciting application frontiers of vacuum electronics.

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Potential for Acceleration of Simulation of Dynamic Processes in Oversized Gyrotrons by Means of Using 2.5D Particle-in-Cell Method

Rozental

Тараканов

2022

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves

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Frequency Stabilization of Megawatt-Class 140 GHz Gyrotrons at W7-X Using an Off-the-Shelf PLL System

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

The ECRH-Power Upgrade at the Wendelstein 7-X Stellarator

The ECRH-Power Upgrade at the Wendelstein 7-X Stellarator

Frontiers in the Application of RF Vacuum Electronics

Potential for Acceleration of Simulation of Dynamic Processes in Oversized Gyrotrons by Means of Using 2.5D Particle-in-Cell Method

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