Frequency stabilization of hydro–hydro power system using hybrid bacteria foraging PSO with UPFC and HAE

Design and implementation of a stability control system for TCP/AQM network

“…The optimization PSO is characterized by a combination of algorithms that improve performance better than others, which are good efficiency, relative simplicity, and stable convergence property [16][17][18]. Design PSO-PID as a control unit for performance estimation using the ITAE standard as one of the simplest and most time-saving applications for performance measurement [19][20][21]. The ITSE performance standard weighs errors over time, penalizes small errors at a later time and distinguishes large initial error in response.…”

PIDF(1+FOD) controller for load frequency control with SSSC and AC–DC tie‐line in deregulated environment

“…Apart from this, various flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controllers are used to damp out the oscillations quickly. Application of such devices like thyristor controlled phase shifter, static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) and unified power flow controller (UPFC) for LFC of the interconnected power system are deliberated in normal and deregulated power system scenario [15][16][17]. However, the implementation approach of the FACTS devices in LFC is not justified and directly approximated by a first-order transfer function.…”

“…Novel of them are fractional order PID controller [5,19], PID μ F controller [7], cascade PI-FOPD controller [14], cascade tilted-integral-derivative controller [20], fractional-order PI-PID cascade controller [21] and cascade tiltintegral-tilt-derivative controller [22]. The controller gains are optimised by various meta-heuristic techniques like bacterial foraging optimisation [3,5], opposition-based harmonic search optimisation [6], lightning search algorithm [7], modified sine cosine algorithm [10], volleyball premier league algorithm [14], stochastic fractal search optimisation [15], hybrid bacteria foraging-particle swarm optimisation (PSO) [16], modified group search optimisation [17], antlion optimiser [18], PSO [19], salp swarm algorithm (SSA) [20], sine cosine algorithm [21] and water cycle algorithm [22].…”

Integrating LQR with GRNN for LFC of energy delivery system interconnected via AC/DC tie-lines

“…The secondary control action is required to take back the system frequency & tie power deviations to the original value in minimum possible time in order to deliver quality electrical power to the customers. The frequency and tie‐line power deviation in linear form is known as area control error (ACE) in LFC and the role of secondary controllers is to reduce the ACE deviations to zero by continuously transferring the control signals to the speed governor of the plant [5–7 ]. The initial efforts in LFC were to design the secondary controllers via classical control theory.…”