Frequency Selective Optoelectronic Downconversion of a Terahertz Pulse Using ErAs:In(Al)GaAs Photoconductors

Olvera, Anuar de Jesus Fernandez; Krause, Benedikt Leander; Betancur-Pérez, Andrés F.; Nandi, Uttam; Dios, Cristina de; Acedo, Pablo; Preu, Sascha

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3094358

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The distributed feedback lasers are only thermally stabilized with PID controllers to about 209 50 kHz during the acquisition time of 24 s. Such drifts do reduce the precision. The dependence on the laser stability is remarkable, as employing stabler laser systems, such as continuous-wave frequency combs 37 will enable orders of magnitude higher precision than reported here. A large impact on data quality is due to undesired standing waves in the Terahertz setup.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Visualizing nanometric structures with sub-millimeter waves

et al. 2021

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The resolution along the propagation direction of far field imagers can be much smaller than the wavelength by exploiting coherent interference phenomena. We demonstrate a height profile precision as low as 31 nm using wavelengths between 0.375 mm and 0.5 mm (corresponding to 0.6 THz–0.8 THz) by evaluating the Fabry-Pérot oscillations within surface-structured samples. We prove the extreme precision by visualizing structures with a height of only 49 nm, corresponding to 1:7500 to 1:10000 vacuum wavelengths, a height difference usually only accessible to near field measurement techniques at this wavelength range. At the same time, the approach can determine thicknesses in the centimeter range, surpassing the dynamic range of any near field measurement system by orders of magnitude. The measurement technique combined with a Hilbert-transform approach yields the (optical) thickness extracted from the relative phase without any extraordinary wavelength stabilization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…( 13 ). It is remarkable that the thickness error is proportional to the laser stability, which can be reduced to the Hz-level when using comb-based systems 37 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing nanometric structures with sub-millimeter waves

et al. 2021

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“…The detection principle also works for cases where | f L − f T Hz | = 0, i.e., heterodyne detection or signals with an arbitrary, broadband spectrum, where laser signal and THz signal are not necessarily phase-locked. This was applied, for example, in photonic spectrum analyzers, where the optical signal consisted of a single, spectrally pure beat note (i.e., two lasers detuned by the desired THz frequency f L ) and the THz field originated from a source under test with an unknown spectrum [91], [92]. As the relative phase between the two is not locked and thus randomly changing, only the power spectral density of the down-converted current is recorded and phase information is discarded.…”

Section: A Photoconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Sources and Receivers: From the Past to the Future

Makhlouf¹,

Cojocari

Hofmann³

et al. 2023

IEEE J. Microw.

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The rapid progress in semiconductor technology has vastly boosted the development of terahertz sources and receivers in terms of compactness, reliability, operation frequency, and output power. In this manuscript, we report on the latest achievements in terahertz sources and receivers and provide a comprehensive overview of their working principles and applications in THz systems. INDEX TERMS THz technologies, THz photodiodes, THz photoconductors, THz semiconductor laser diodes, THz quantum cascade lasers, THz heterojunction bipolar transistors, THz high electron mobility transistor, THz resonant tunneling diodes, THz Schottky barrier detectors and mixers. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ SUMER MAKHLOUF received the master's degree in communications engineering from the University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany, in 2018. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in monolithically integrated THz photodiodes with rectangular waveguide outputs for coherent THz receivers. He is currently a Member of the Optoelectronics Department, Center for Semiconductor Technology and Optoelectronics (ZHO) and Research Associate with the University of Duisburg-Essen. Recently, he has been a Senior Engineer with Microwave Photonics GmbH, Oberhausen, Germany, working on developing RF modules for space communications and photonic integrated circuits for ultra-low phase noise THz systems.

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“…In this paper we show that a relatively simple electro-optic (EO) comb also features excellent phase noise. EO combs generate multiple side bands on a single laser signal by EO phase modulation [20]. Originating from the same EO driver signal, the side bands show predominantly common noise such that mixing of any two side bands yields a signal with a spectral purity of the order of the radio frequency (RF) generator used to drive the EO comb.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase noise of an electro-optical phase modulator based electro-optical comb

Krause,

Lavric,

Tebart

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Photonic millimeter wave and terahertz frequency generation and detection benefit from a large tunability of several octaves as opposed to electronic frequency generation and multiplication. However, reaching multiple 100GHz continuous tuning range while simultaneously featuring a linewidth in the Hz range and low phase noise is still very challenging. We present an electro-optical comb driving a photomixer with potential usability as an extension module based on side-band generation by an electro-optical phase modulator. This enables a Hz-level linewidth from microwaves to terahertz frequencies. We discuss the working principle of the mentioned electro-optical comb, characterize the phase noise of the optical subsystem up to frequencies of 40GHz where electronic phase noise analyzers are available and draw conclusions on the phase noise at higher frequencies in the THz domain.

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Frequency Selective Optoelectronic Downconversion of a Terahertz Pulse Using ErAs:In(Al)GaAs Photoconductors

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Visualizing nanometric structures with sub-millimeter waves

Visualizing nanometric structures with sub-millimeter waves

Terahertz Sources and Receivers: From the Past to the Future

Phase noise of an electro-optical phase modulator based electro-optical comb

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