“…Third, ω p and ω t set lower and upper bounds for the Q filter bandwidth frequency, and a 1 and a 2 should all be positive to guarantee the stability of the Q filter itself. While in our previous study [16], the damping factor of the Q filter ( a 1 2 √ a 2 ) was limited to [0.5, 1], we managed to remove this constraint in this paper, which adds more freedom in tuning parameter. In summary, the optimization problem can be formulated into the following form:…”