Frequency-resolved optical gating for complete reconstruction of attosecond bursts

Mairesse, Y.; Quéré, F.

doi:10.1103/physreva.71.011401

Cited by 538 publications

(446 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Both the FROG-CRAB, VTGPA and PROBP methods assume that the measured photoelectron spectrogram can be modeled by SFA [19,20]:…”

Section: A Strong Field Approximationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus time information of the attosecond pulse is encoded in the amount of momentum shift in the streaked spectrogram. A standard technique known as FROG-CRAB (Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating for Complete Reconstruction of Attosecond Bursts) [19][20][21] has been used to retrieve the attosecond pulse, which stems from the FROG (Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating) method for the characterization of femtosecond infrared laser pulses. The retrieval is based on an iterative process by matching the measured photoelectron spectrogram to a FROG-CRAB trace from an unknown XUV pulse and an unknown IR field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase-retrieval algorithm for the characterization of broadband single attosecond pulses

Xi-nan

Hui

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. A

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Recent progress in high-order harmonic generation with few-cycle mid-infrared wavelength lasers has pushed light pulses into the water window region and beyond. These pulses have the bandwidth to support single attosecond pulses down to a few tens of attoseconds. However, the present available techniques for attosecond pulse measurement are not applicable to such pulses. Here we report a phase-retrieval method using the standard photoelectron streaking technique where an attosecond pulse is converted into its electron replica through photoionization of atoms in the presence of a time-delayed infrared laser. The iterative algorithm allows accurate reconstruction of the spectral phase of light pulses, from the extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) to soft X-rays, with pulse durations from hundreds down to a few tens of attoseconds. At the same time, the streaking laser fields, including short pulses that span a few octaves, can also be accurately retrieved. Such well-characterized single attosecond pulses in the XUV to the soft X-ray region are required for time-resolved probing of inner-shell electronic dynamics of matter at their own timescale of a few tens of attoseconds.

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“…Both the FROG-CRAB, VTGPA and PROBP methods assume that the measured photoelectron spectrogram can be modeled by SFA [19,20]:…”

Section: A Strong Field Approximationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-retrieval algorithm for the characterization of broadband single attosecond pulses

Xi-nan

Hui

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. A

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“…To achieve attosecond time resolution at lower energy scales, a variety of methods are employed. Autocorrelation schemes use the test pulse and its time-shifted replica (Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) [20,21]) or the time-and frequency-shifted replica (Spectral Phase Interferometry for Direct Electric field Reconstruction (SPIDER) [22,23]), while cross-correlation schemes are based on the correlation between the test XUV pulse and a femtosecond infrared laser pulse. The latter can be weak, inducing few photon effects (Reconstruction of Attosecond Beating By Interference of Two-photon Transitions (RABBITT) [2]) or strong, yielding attosecond streak imaging [24,25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streaking at high energies with electrons and positrons

et al. 2011

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A detection scheme for characterizing high-energy γ-ray pulses down to the zeptosecond timescale is proposed. In contrast to existing attosecond metrology techniques, our method is not limited by atomic shell physics and therefore capable of breaking the MeV photon energy and attosecond time-scale barriers. It is inspired by attosecond streak imaging, but builds upon the high-energy process of electron-positron pair production in vacuum through the collision of a test pulse with an intense laser pulse. We discuss necessary conditions to render the scheme feasible in the upcoming Extreme Light Infrastructure laser facility.

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“…For example, the temporal characteristics of a train of attosecond pulses were directly determined by measuring second-order autocorrelation traces [14]. Similar methods have been used for attosecond spectral phase interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction (SPIDER) and attosecond frequencyresolved optical gating (FROG) techniques [15][16][17][18][19], and for their extensions [20][21][22]. The cross-correlation technique has been widely used in characterizing pulse durations [1][2][3][4][5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The theoretical errors of the pulse reconstruction are quantitatively analyzed therein. The major difference between the proposed method and the FROG CRAB [20] is that we reconstruct an attosecond XUV pulse from only one measured PES, rather than from a large set of time-resolved PESs, as used in FROG for selfconsistency in the data. Thus, the efficiency and speed of PES measurement and pulse reconstruction can be greatly improved.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of photoelectron energy spectrum transfer equation for the measurement of a narrowband XUV pulse

Yu-Cheng

2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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To study the time evolution of a molecular state in an ultra-fast chemical reaction, the use of shorter pulses with higher photon energy and narrower bandwidth for both pump and probe is necessary. However, quick and precise measurement of their detailed time structures is a challenge. Over the last decade, great efforts have been made to measure an attosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse. To date, several methods have been developed to measure the pulse duration and completely reconstruct it. The attosecond spectral phase interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction (SPIDER) and attosecond frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) techniques are often used. However, these methods use state-of-the-art experimental set-ups and complicated data analysis procedures. To develop attosecond metrology for practical use (e.g. timing, measurement, evaluation, calibration, optimization, pumping, probing), we propose a quick and analytical method to precisely observe an attosecond XUV pulse with laser-assisted photo-ionization. The method is based on determining the laser-related phase of each streaked electron and using a transfer equation for one-step pulse reconstruction without any time-resolved measurements, iterative calculations, or data fitting procedures. Temporal errors of the pulse reconstruction are calculated from the XUV bandwidth. Because the transfer equation establishes a direct connection between the XUV pulse properties, the crucial laser parameters (peak intensity, phase, carrier envelope phase), the atomic ionization potential, and the measured photoelectron energy spectrum, we can use it to study any one of these properties from other known information and probe the dynamic processes of an ultra-fast reaction.attosecond measurement, photoelectron energy spectrum, laser phase determination method, transfer equation Citation: Ge Y C, He H P. Use of photoelectron energy spectrum transfer equation for the measurement of a narrowband XUV pulse. Chin Sci Bull, 2012Bull, , 57: 843-848, doi: 10.1007 Over the last decade, production and measurement of the duration of an attosecond (1 as=10 −18 s) extreme ultra-violet (XUV) pulse has attracted increasing interest [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Highorder harmonic generation (HHG) has been a successful way to produce attosecond XUV pulses [7][8][9]. To characterize the time evolution of a molecular state in an ultra-fast chemical reaction, shorter pulses with higher photon energies and narrower bandwidths have been generated and used, but quickly and precisely measuring their detailed time structures for use remains a challenge. This can currently be attributed to the difficulty of attosecond measurements and the associated errors. Recently, different techniques such as phase-matching and spatial filtering have been used to analyze, produce and *Corresponding author (email: gyc@pku.edu.cn) select an isolated attosecond pulse [10][11][12]. The latest measurement of an attosecond XUV pulse duration is 80 as [13]. However, researchers continue to improve the ...

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Frequency-resolved optical gating for complete reconstruction of attosecond bursts

Cited by 538 publications

References 18 publications

Phase-retrieval algorithm for the characterization of broadband single attosecond pulses

Phase-retrieval algorithm for the characterization of broadband single attosecond pulses

Streaking at high energies with electrons and positrons

Use of photoelectron energy spectrum transfer equation for the measurement of a narrowband XUV pulse

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