Frequency Regulation Strategy for AC–DC System During Black Start

Xia, Chengjun; Xie, Jiazheng; Lan, Haiwen; Zhou, Baorong; Zhang, Du

doi:10.1007/s42835-019-00298-4

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Recent research interest in black start has been focused on the use of a high voltage direct current (HVDC) system or a microgrid to reduce restoration time and provide load pickup capability. For the studies on the HVDC, Li et al [9] proposed a line-commutated converter HVDC system and showed a significant reduction in the recovery time compared with the conventional black start strategy of the Guangzhou power system. Xia et al [10] investigated a frequency regulation strategy for an alternating current (AC)-direct current (DC) system and developed a validated model for the optimization of the HVDC transmission power with a minimized frequency deviation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some literature review articles and research papers studying novel black start services are available. However, these studies are substantially related to integrations with renewable energy sources [16], HVDC systems [9], or microgrids [15]. Current challenges in the black start will be examined, and barriers to the upgrade of the black start provision will be identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy storage for black start services: A review

Zhao

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2022

Int J Miner Metall Mater

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With the increasing deployment of renewable energy-based power generation plants, the power system is becoming increasingly vulnerable due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy, and a blackout can be the worst scenario. The current auxiliary generators must be upgraded to energy sources with substantially high power and storage capacity, a short response time, good profitability, and minimal environmental concern. Difficulties in the power restoration of renewable energy generators should also be addressed. The different energy storage methods can store and release electrical/thermal/mechanical energy and provide flexibility and stability to the power system. Herein, a review of the use of energy storage methods for black start services is provided, for which little has been discussed in the literature. First, the challenges that impede a stable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective energy storage-based black start are identified. The energy storage-based black start service may lack supply resilience. Second, the typical energy storage-based black start service, including explanations on its steps and configurations, is introduced. Black start services with different energy storage technologies, including electrochemical, thermal, and electromechanical resources, are compared. Results suggest that hybridization of energy storage technologies should be developed, which mitigates the disadvantages of individual energy storage methods, considering the deployment of energy storage-based black start services.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy storage for black start services: A review

Zhao

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2022

Int J Miner Metall Mater

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Analysis of hybrid AC/DC transmission system: A Turkey case study

Karaca,

Nuroğlu

2024

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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The need to transmit energy in the most effective way arises in parallel with the demand for energy in developing countries. As the amount of transmitted power increases, transmission lines can become overloaded, causing a blackout. This study aims to increase the transmission capacity without experiencing right‐of‐way problems by converting Turkey's existing high voltage AC systems to hybrid AC/DC systems. With such a design, it is aimed at providing more efficient and continuous transmission by using the high‐voltage DC system's low‐loss feature at long distances. Using the 400 kV double circuit line structure, the existing electricity transmission system is modelled using real data in the DigSILENT PowerFactory. The electromagnetic fields that will occur due to the use of AC and DC circuits on the same tower in such a transformation situation are analysed with FEMM 4.2, based on the finite element method. The compliance of the electromagnetic fields that will occur with the use of hybrid 400 kV AC and 500 kV DC was determined in the study. In addition, according to the simulation results, it is predicted that in the case of hybrid AC/DC transmission, the current transmission capacity would increase and the losses would decrease.

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