Frequency ratio analysis of mass movements in the Xiangxi catchment, Three Gorges Reservoir area, China

Abstract

In 2003, the Three Gorges Project (TGP, China), currently the world's largest hydroelectric power plant by total capacity, went into operation. Due to large-scale impoundment of the Yangtze River and its tributaries and also due to resettlement, extensive environmental impacts like land use change and increase of geohazards are associated with the TGP. Within the Yangtze Project,we investigate these effects for the Xiangxi (香溪) catchment which is part of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The aim of this study is to evaluate the susceptibility for mass movement within the Xiangxi River backwater area using geographic information system (GIS). We used existing mass movements and the conditioning factors (geology, elevation, slope, curvature, land use, and land use change) for analyzing mass movement susceptibility. Mass movements and geology were mapped in the field to establish a mass movement inventory and a geological map. Land use and digital elevation model (DEM) were obtained from remote-sensing data. We determined the relation between mass movements and the conditioning factors by using the frequency ratio method and found strong relation between mass movements and both natural and human-influenced conditioning factors.

Landslide susceptibility mapping and factor effect analysis using frequency ratio in a catchment scale: a case study from Garuwa sub-basin, East Nepal

“…The main advantage of using bivariate frequency ratio methodology is that the weight values measure, directly or in a weighted form, the relative or absolute abundance of landslide area or number in different classes. Hence, this methodology is used by different researchers in different parts of world such as Lee and Min (2001) in Yongin, Korea; Lee (2004) in Janghung area, Korea; Lee et al (2004) and Choi et al (2012) in Boun, Korea; Lee and Dan (2005) in Lai Chau Province, Vietnam; Lee and Talib (2005) and in Gangneung, Korea; Lee and Pradhan (2006) in Penang, Malaysia; Lee and Sambath (2006) in Damrei Romel area, Cambodia; Lee and Pradhan (2007) in Selangor, Malaysia; Madhu (2007, 2008) in Kerala, India; Akgun et al (2008) in Findikli, Turkey;Jadda et al (2009) in Marzan Abad, Iran;Oh et al (2009) in Pechabun area, Thailand;Yilmaz (2009) in Tokat, Turkey; Yilmaz and Keskin (2009) in Sebinkarahisar, Turkey; Ehret et al (2010) in the Xiangxi catchment, Three Gorges Reservoir area, China; Oh et al (2010) in Pemalang, Indonesia; Poudyal et al (2010) in Panchthar, Nepal;Pradhan (2010) in the Cameron catchment, Malaysia; Pradhan and Lee (2010a) in Klang valley, Malaysia;Pradhan and Lee (2010b) in Penang Island, Malaysia; Pradhan and Youssef (2010) in Cameron, Malaysia;Yilmaz (2010) in Koyulhisar, Turkey; Akinci et al (2011) at Samsun, Turkey;Intarawichi and Dasananda (2011) in the Mae Chaem watershed, Thailand; Jadda et al (2011) in the Central Alborz, Iran; Mezughi et al (2011) in Gerik-Jeli, Malaysia;Yalcin et al (2011) in Trabzon, Korea;Akgun (2012) in İzmir, Turkey; Lepore et al (2012) in Puerto Rico; …”

Assessment of geo-hazards in a rapidly changing landscape: the three Gorges Reservoir Region in China

“…The destabilization of slopes during the seasonal artificial water-level fluctuation of 30 m at the dam, high cutting slopes, which have been formed during the infrastructure construction, and the increasing number of landslides (e.g., Wu and Luo 2006;Ehret et al 2010) still might accelerate the potential of hillslope erosion by dislodging soil and moving it downhill, followed by an enhanced use of alternative land that in turn can influence the occurrence of rainfall-triggered landslides (e.g., Glade 2003;Pimentel 2006). Landslides are a major problem in the TGR endangering ship traffic by water waves, and also infrastructure, new settlements, industrial zones, and agricultural areas (e.g., Kallen et al 2006;Fourniadis et al 2007).…”

“…2). The area is characterized by an anticline structure with a pre-Sinian crystalline basement complex cropping out sporadically from the Sinian-Jurassic and Triassic sedimentary cover (Wu et al 2001;Ehret et al 2010). The major soil groups are Cambisols, Alisols, and Luvisols (FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ ISSCAS/JRC 2012).…”

Landslide susceptibility assessment using frequency ratio model in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

“…Many studies have tried to assess landslide susceptibility by increasing GIS applications using different models. Many of those studies have applied probabilistic models such as the frequency ratio (Audisio et al 2009;Choi et al 2012;Ehret et al 2010;Lee et al 2004;Lee and Pradhan 2006;Lepore et al 2011;Mandal and Mondal 2019;Mezughi et al 2011;Mohammady et al 2012;Oh et al 2009;Pal and Chowdhuri 2019;Pradhan and Youssef 2010;Rossi and Reichenbach 2016;Yalcin 2008;Yalcin et al 2011;Yilmaz 2009;Yilmaz and Keskin 2009).…”