Frequency of stressful life events and associations with mental health and general subjective health in the general population

Tibubos, Ana Nanette; Burghardt, Juliane; Klein, Eva Margaretha; Brähler, Elmar; Jünger, Claus; Michal, Matthias; Wiltink, Jörg; Wild, Philipp S.; Münzel, Thomas; Schnittger, Susanne; Pfeiffer, Norbert; Beutel, Manfred E.

doi:10.1007/s10389-020-01204-3

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…An unexpected result of the regression analysis—which demands more research- was that higher education was associated with higher odds of stressful event occurrence. Tibubos et al (2020) also found that the sum of aggregated stressful life events between the 65 and 74 years increased with higher socioeconomic status. Nevertheless, the sum of events is not equivalent to the intensity of them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Stressful Events in Old Age: Who are Most Exposed and Who are Most Likely to Overcome Them

Herrera

Fernández

2020

Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine

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Objectives: This study investigated self-reported events that were rated as stressful and being affecting wellbeing among older people. It also examined the variables associated with the perception of overcoming these stressful events. Methods: Face-to-face survey on a representative sample of 1,431 older people in Santiago-Chile. Instruments included open-ended questions for distinguishing events as losses, problems, conflicts, and others’ difficulties. The associations between the occurrence and overcoming of events with individual and social characteristics were examined through multivariate logistic regression. Results: 39.5% mentioned at least one stressful event, being mostly perceived as solvable problems rather than losses. Higher-income, better health, self-efficacy, and social support were associated with a higher perception of event overcoming. Conclusion: The occurrence and the probability of events’ overcoming does not increase in old-old age in this sample group. Better health and individual and social resources such as self-efficacy and social support, are protective resources for overcoming the stressful events, but they are not generally considered in public policies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Stressful Events in Old Age: Who are Most Exposed and Who are Most Likely to Overcome Them

Herrera

Fernández

2020

Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine

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“…Since the concept of stress was introduced to the scientific community in 1936 by Hans Selye [ 58 , 59 ], a strong link between CPSS/CPPS and depression has been reported. Many studies and meta-analyses have demonstrated an elevated depression risk following childhood maltreatment and adverse life events in adolescence and adulthood [ 21 , 60 – 66 ]. The biological mechanisms that translate this form of environmental stress into the nosological entity called depression are not yet fully understood, but the immune system, in particular cytokines and microglia, is proposed to be a principal component [ 16 , 35 , 67 – 69 ].…”

Section: From Stress To Depression: the Emerging Role Of The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

P2X7R antagonists in chronic stress-based depression models: a review

Muecke-Heim

Ries

Urbina

et al. 2021

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Depression affects around 320 million people worldwide. Growing evidence proposes the immune system to be the core interface between psychosocial stress and the neurobiological and behavioural features of depression. Many studies have identified purinergic signalling via the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) to be of great importance in depression genesis yet only a few have evaluated P2X7R antagonists in chronic stress-based depression models. This review summarizes their findings and analyses their methodology. The four available studies used three to nine weeks of unpredictable, chronic mild stress or unpredictable, chronic stress in male mice or rats. Stress paradigm composition varied moderately, with stimuli being primarily psychophysical rather than psychosocial. Behavioural testing was performed during or after the last week of stress application and resulted in depressive-like behaviours, immune changes (NLRP3 assembly, interleukin-1β level increase, microglia activation) and neuroplasticity impairment. During the second half of each stress paradigm, a P2X7R antagonist (Brilliant Blue G, A-438079, A-804598) was applied. Studies differed with regard to antagonist dosage and application timing. Nonetheless, all treatments attenuated the stress-induced neurobiological changes and depressive-like behaviours. The evidence at hand underpins the importance of P2X7R signalling in chronic stress and depression. However, improvements in study planning and reporting are necessary to minimize experimental bias and increase data purview. To achieve this, we propose adherence to the Research Domain Criteria and the STRANGE framework.

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“…Bereavement, including widowhood and loss of offspring, is consistently and strongly related to depression (28,(31)(32)(33). However, when facing widowhood, older women are less vulnerable than older men (34).…”

Section: Risk Factors For Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stressful life events have a modest but significant relationship with depression, but whether this is a causal effect is unclear (20,32,37,39). There is a stronger association between stressful life events and depression when the event is more severe or there are more events (32,39).…”

Section: Stressful Life Events and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stressful Life Events and Chinese Older People Depression: Moderating Role of Social Support

Liu

2021

Front. Public Health

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Aim: This study analyzes the effects of retrospective stressful life events on current depression among Chinese older people and how these effects are moderated by social support. Stressful life events comprise bereavement, divorce, health adversities, accidents, and financial losses due to fraud.Data and Method: Data were drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) of the 2015 panel, and responses from 9,619 older people aged over 60 years were used. The least-squares regression method was applied to measure the linear effects. Propensity score matching minimized selection bias and enabled the measurement of the net effects of stressful life events. The bias-corrected matching estimator was also used to correct the inexact matching bias from propensity score matching.Result: Experienced stressful life events and exposure to cumulative stressful life events were found to lead to depression in older people. When older people experienced stressful life events but with more social activities, and higher satisfaction and frequent contact with children, their depressive levels were lower. The results of the propensity score matching showed that stressful life events resulted in depression in older people. Furthermore, individuals with family support were able to moderate stressful life events effects; however, the moderating effects of social activity separately were negligible. In sum, with the moderating role of family support and social activity, the average differences in older people depression caused by stressful life events decreased.Conclusion: Experiencing stressful life events is detrimental to the psychological health of the older people. Social support, including family support and social activity, has buffered detrimental effects on depression caused by stressful life events.Interpretations: The study underscores the need to supply effective interventions for the older people who experienced stressful life events. First, society should improve the capability of community care centers to supply mental health services. Second, family members should pay attention to mental condition of older people, and specific support should concord with the needs of Chinese older people. In addition, support suppliers can move from being confined to kinship relationships to close relationships, such as the community partners and neighbors.

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Frequency of stressful life events and associations with mental health and general subjective health in the general population

Cited by 21 publications

References 43 publications

Stressful Events in Old Age: Who are Most Exposed and Who are Most Likely to Overcome Them

Stressful Events in Old Age: Who are Most Exposed and Who are Most Likely to Overcome Them

P2X7R antagonists in chronic stress-based depression models: a review

Stressful Life Events and Chinese Older People Depression: Moderating Role of Social Support

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