Frequency of soil contamination by Toxocara canis eggs in the south region of São Paulo municipality (SP, Brazil) in a 18 month period

Queiroz, Maisa Leite de; Simonsen, Marcelo; Paschoalotti, Maria Aparecida; Chieffi, Pedro Paulo

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652006000600003

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…*Some subjects had more than one sign/symptom; **p < 0.05 = significant value (Chi-square); *** variables in the model: sex, age, pulmonary and hepatic manifestations, headache, and weakness and/or fatigue. In agreement with other authors, we have also found statistically significant differences between gender and positive serology indicating that male subjects are more associated at risk of toxocariasis than female subjects, probably because of their close contact with soil, as is the case with this population, who are farmers 4,5,21,22,26 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Human toxocariasis: a seroepidemiological survey in the Amazonian city of Yurimaguas, Peru

Roldán

Cavero

Espinoza

et al. 2010

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of the infection by Toxocara in the general population of the Amazonian city of Yurimaguas, Peru. From March to August 2008, a total of 300 subjects were sampled and tested by means of a Toxocara ELISA-IgG test. A clinical and epidemiological questionnaire was used to assess the symptomatology and risk factors associated with human toxocariasis. The overall rate of seropositivity was 35.66%, with a significant high proportion in children (p < 0.001). The clinical evaluation revealed that 95.33% of the seropositive group had some type of symptomatology: headache (66.36%), respiratory compromise (63.55%), abdominal pain (54.21%), cutaneous signs (40.19%) and ocular manifestations (36.45%), and almost all of them were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 56.07% of the seropositive subjects presented at least one intestinal pathogen parasite with predominance of helminthes, but without significant association (p = 0.334). The analysis of risk factors showed only that the use of public places and geophagia exhibited a significant association with the seropositivity (p < 0.001). Clinical, serological and epidemiological findings associated to infection with Toxocara were observed in the present study and future studies should be done to assess this serious health problem.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Human toxocariasis: a seroepidemiological survey in the Amazonian city of Yurimaguas, Peru

Roldán

Cavero

Espinoza

et al. 2010

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…This can also attribute to the low prevalence rate observed in this study when compared to the prevalence rate reported twenty seven years back by Gunaseelan et al (1985). The reduction of Toxocara ova over a period of time was also reported from Poznani, Poland (Mizgajska 1997;Masnik 2000), Ankara, Turkey (Oge and Oge 2000;Avcioglu and Burgu 2008), London, UK (Snow et al 1987;Gillespie et al 1991), Salamanca, Spain (Simon and Conde 1987;Conde et al 1989) and Saopolo, Brazil (Santarem et al 1998;Queiroz et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Detection of Toxocara eggs in contaminated soil from various public places of Chennai city and detailed correlation with literature

Thomas

Jeyathilakan

2012

J Parasit Dis

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Toxocarosis is one of the most prevalent human helminthosis caused by larvae of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, the most widely distributed nematode parasites of dogs and cats respectively. Soil is considered as the principal source of transmission of Toxocara infection to human beings. With increasing population of dogs and cats, soil contamination with ova or eggs of Toxocara can be detected in public and private locations of city backyards, playgrounds, streets, sand pits and so on, regardless of the season of the year. In this context the present study was carried out to estimate the extent of soil contamination with Toxocara eggs in public parks, playgrounds and few kennels situated in different parts of Chennai city. A total of 105 soil samples from 40 public places and 5 kennels were screened for the presence of parasitic eggs. Toxocara eggs were recovered from 5 soil samples indicating an overall prevalence rate of 4.75 %. Out of 80 samples collected from public places, three samples, one each from Mogappair, My lady park (Periamet) and Madras Veterinary College showed the presence of Toxocara spp. eggs indicating an overall prevalence of 3.75 per cent. Out of the 25 samples from 5 kennels, two samples one each from Tambaram and Thorappakkam kennels were positive for Toxocara eggs with prevalence of 8 per cent. Low prevalence of Toxocara eggs in soil samples of these areas can be attributed to the less population of pups, the carriers of adult worms and the active source of soil contamination. The progress made in ABC (animal birth control) programme carried out by both governmental and nongovernmental organizations has contributed to reduction of birth rate in dogs and thereby reduced the chances of soil contamination with Toxocara eggs to a certain extent in Chennai city.

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“…The use of public places by people is other important risk factor associated to human toxocariasis, since canine feces are very frequent in public places and playgrounds in other countries 11,25,29,33 . Although limited studies about soil contamination with Toxocara eggs in Peru have revealed a frequency ranging from 30% to 80% 6,21 this risk factor was significantly associated to Toxocara infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of human toxocariasis in a rural population from Cajamarca, Peru determined by DOT-ELISA test

Roldán

Espinoza

Huapaya

et al. 2009

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of human toxocariasis in Cauday district, Cajamarca, Peru, using a dot-ELISA test. From June to October 2005, a total of 256 adult subjects were studied. Blood samples were collected for serology by a dot-ELISA test and for hematological examination. Parasitological examination was also carried out in stool samples to check cross-reactions in the dot-ELISA. The frequency observed was 44.92%, with a significant higher proportion of positivity in male subjects. From subjects with positive serology, 45.6% had respiratory symptoms, 40.44% abdominal pain, 32.35% hepatic symptoms, 14.7% cutaneous signs, 13.23% ocular manifestations, 43.38% eosinophilia, and all of these were statistically associated to serology. Among the population evaluated, 90.23% (231/256) were parasitized. From subjects with positive serology, 92.17% had at least one intestinal parasite and the most frequent were: Blastocystis hominis (68.38%), Giardia lamblia (28.68%), Hymenolepis nana (20.0%), Ascaris lumbricoides (15.65%), Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (13.24%), Cyclospora cayetanensis (4.41%), Cryptosporidium sp. (1.47%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.87%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.87%), Taenia sp. (0.87%), and Trichuris trichiura (0.87%). The rate of false positives in the dot-ELISA test was improved by serum absorption each with A. suum antigens, with a decrease of cross-reactions. In conclusion, human toxocariasis is highly frequent in this population and some risk factors like dog/cat ownership, presence of pets within house, and previous history of geophagia were observed in the present study.

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Frequency of soil contamination by Toxocara canis eggs in the south region of São Paulo municipality (SP, Brazil) in a 18 month period

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Human toxocariasis: a seroepidemiological survey in the Amazonian city of Yurimaguas, Peru

Human toxocariasis: a seroepidemiological survey in the Amazonian city of Yurimaguas, Peru

Detection of Toxocara eggs in contaminated soil from various public places of Chennai city and detailed correlation with literature

Frequency of human toxocariasis in a rural population from Cajamarca, Peru determined by DOT-ELISA test

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