Frequency of positive patch test reactions to preservatives: The <scp>A</scp>ustralian experience

Chow, Elizabeth; Avolio, Andrea M; Lee, Adriene; Nixon, Rosemary

doi:10.1111/j.1440-0960.2012.00958.x

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Effects on the tissue for up to 14 days are recorded (OECD, 2001). Human studies using 5% benzyl alcohol induced positive dermal responses in 0-0.92% of subjects (Chow, Avolio, Lee, & Nixon, 2013;Nair, 2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Solvent‐based paint and varnish removers: a focused toxicologic review of existing and alternative constituents

Durrani

Clapp

Harrison

et al. 2020

J of Applied Toxicology

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Paint and varnish removers constitute a major potential source of organic solvent exposure to contractors and home improvement enthusiasts. Unfortunately, the leading paint remover formulations have traditionally contained, as major ingredients, chemicals classified as probable human carcinogens (eg, methylene chloride) or reproductive toxicants (eg, N‐methylpyrrolidone). In addition, because of its unique toxicology (ie, hepatic conversion to carbon monoxide compounding generic solvent narcosis and arrythmogenesis), high volatility, and rigorous requirements for personal protective equipment, methylene chloride exposures from paint removers have been linked to numerous deaths involving both occupational and consumer usage. The aim of this review is to summarize the known toxicology of solvent‐based paint remover constituents (including those found in substitute formulations) in order to provide health risk information to regulators, chemical formulators, and end‐users of this class of products, and to highlight any data gaps that may exist.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Solvent‐based paint and varnish removers: a focused toxicologic review of existing and alternative constituents

Durrani

Clapp

Harrison

et al. 2020

J of Applied Toxicology

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“…In the Danish study, 5 of 302 patients were found to be sensitized ; in a UK study, 2 of 517 patients were found to be sensitized ; and in France, a case of sensitization attributable to a preserved oxidation product was found . Also when consecutive patients were patch tested with chloroacetamide, similar prevalences of contact allergy were noted, for example as many as 2.1% positive reactions, one‐third of which were considered to be relevant (past or present; not stated), in 4451 Australian patients , or 0.8% positive reactions in 80 824 patients tested with a special series, ‘ topical antiseptics’, in the IVDK . According to a market survey of cosmetics conducted in 2006–2009 in Germany, chloroacetamide was hardly used in cosmetics at the time (0.1% of 4680 products) .…”

Section: Antimicrobial Substances and Preservativesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Patch testing with hair cosmetic series in Europe: a critical review and recommendation

et al. 2015

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Summary Many key ingredients of hair cosmetics (in particular, dyes, bleaches, and hair‐styling agents) are potent (strong to extreme) contact allergens. Some heterogeneity is apparent from published results concerning the range of allergens for which patch testing is important. The objective of the present review was to collect information on the current practice of using ‘hair cosmetic series’, and discuss this against the background of evidence concerning consumer/professional exposure and regulatory aspects to finally derive a recommendation for a ‘European hair cosmetic series’. The methods involved (i) a survey targeting all members of the COST action ‘StanDerm’ (TD1206) consortium, (ii) analysis of data in the database of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA), and (iii) literature review. Information from 19 European countries was available, partly from national networks, and partly from one or several departments of dermatology or, occasionally, occupational medicine. Apart from some substances being tested only in single departments, a broad overlap regarding ‘important’ allergens was evident. Some of the substances are no longer permitted for use in cosmetics (Annex II of the Cosmetics Regulation). An up‐to‐date ‘European hair cosmetics series’, as recommended in the present article, should (i) include broadly used and/or potent contact allergens, (ii) eliminate substances of only historical concern, and (iii) be continually updated as new evidence emerges.

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“…MCI/MI is an extreme sensitizer. When it was tested in baseline patch test series, the contact allergy rates in dermatitis patients varied between 2.1% and 4.1% (17,(19)(20)(21)(22). In a European multicentre study, the contact allergy rate was fairly stable, at between 2% and 2.5%, over a period of 10 years (23).…”

Section: Sensitizing Potencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendation to increase the test concentration of methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone in the European baseline patch test series – on behalf of the European Society of Contact Dermatitis and the European Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Research Group

2014

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Frequency of positive patch test reactions to preservatives: The Australian experience

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Solvent‐based paint and varnish removers: a focused toxicologic review of existing and alternative constituents

Solvent‐based paint and varnish removers: a focused toxicologic review of existing and alternative constituents

Patch testing with hair cosmetic series in Europe: a critical review and recommendation

Recommendation to increase the test concentration of methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone in the European baseline patch test series – on behalf of the European Society of Contact Dermatitis and the European Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Research Group

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