Frequency of palmaris longus absence and its association with other anatomical variations in the egyptian population

Raouf, Hoda Abdel; Kader, Ghada Abdel; Jaradat, Ahmed; Dharap, A. S.; Fadel, Raouf; Salem, Abdel Halim

doi:10.1002/ca.22186

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For the fifth superficial flexor we could find only one epidemiologic study with results comparable to ours: about 6% absolute deficiency and 40% dependency on the fourth flexor. Another study found an absence of the tendon in 33% of the population, which is a lower incidence than in our findings (10).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Assessment of the Presence or Absence of Palmaris Longus and the Fifth Superficial Flexor Tendon in the Iranian Population : Are These Tendons Evolutionary ?

Heshmati¹,

Karbalaeikhani²,

Saied³

2017

ME-JFM

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Introduction: The lack of a Palmaris longus tendon and the absence of a fifth superficial flexor function are normal variations found in the human wrist and hand. The purpose of our study was to assess the incidence of both of these variations and also to answer the question of whether they are evolutionarily conserved muscles. Methods: The study population was volunteers (or informed consent from parents) from preschools, grammar schools, high schools and universities, offices, and nursing homes who were examined for the presence of the Palmaris longus tendon and for variations of the fifth superficial flexor. Results: By the end of the study, 1180 individuals were enrolled and their data were recorded. Of the total 2,360 hands studied, 1,688 had a Palmaris longus tendon (71.4%) and 1,284 had a functional fifth superficial flexor (54.4%). In 886 hands fourth flexor-dependent function was found (37.5%) and ultimately in 190 (8%) the function was absent. Presence, dependent function, or absence of fifth flexor or Palmaris was not related to age, hand side or dominance. Fifth flexor variations were not related to sex, but unilateral absence of Palmaris longus was 1.5 times more common in women. No difference was found between the sexes regarding variations of the superficial flexor. No correlation was found among the variations between one tendon and the other within one hand and/or that individual's other hand. Conclusion: The findings of the present study are similar to those found in some other similar reports related to variations in these tendons. It seems that Palmaris longus and the fifth superficial flexor function are not evolutionarily determined, at least in the studied population.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Assessment of the Presence or Absence of Palmaris Longus and the Fifth Superficial Flexor Tendon in the Iranian Population : Are These Tendons Evolutionary ?

Heshmati¹,

Karbalaeikhani²,

Saied³

2017

ME-JFM

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“…Eric et al found overall absences as 37.5 % in males and 35.5 % in females. Contrarily, Raouf et al (2013) and our results suggest that overall absence is higher in females.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The right absence was found as 11.9 % and 10.2 % in the Iranian and Egyptian populations, respectively (Abdolahzadeh Lahiji et al, 2013;Raouf et al).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Relationship Between Prevalence of Palmaris Longus Muscle and Handedness in Turkish Population

2017

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“…This is within the broad range noted in prior reports. 1,14,39,42,45 Knowledge of the relative location of the MN at the wrist may be helpful in cases where the PL tendon is absent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The angular course of the median nerve in the distal forearm and its anatomical importance in preventing nerve injury in a modern era of carpal tunnel release

Payne¹,

Nasralah

Sieg³

et al. 2017

JNS

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OBJECTIVE A thorough understanding of anatomy is critical for successful carpal tunnel release. Several texts depict the median nerve (MN) as taking a course parallel to the long axis of the forearm (LAF). The authors report on their attempt to formally assess the course of the MN as it travels to the carpal tunnel in the distal wrist and discuss its potential clinical significance. METHODS The width of the wrist, the distance from the radial wrist to the MN, and the distance from the distal volar wrist crease to the point where the MN emerges between the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) tendon and the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendons were recorded during cadaveric dissection of 76 wrist specimens. The presence or absence of palmaris longus was documented. Finally, the angles between the MN and FCR tendon and between the MN and the LAF were measured using ImageJ. RESULTS The relative position of the MN at the distal wrist crease, as determined by the ratio of the distance from the MN to the radial wrist divided by wrist width, revealed a mean value of 0.48, indicating that the nerve was usually located just radial to midline. The mean distance between the distal wrist crease and the MN's emergence was 34.6 mm. The mean angle between the MN and the FCR tendon was 14.1°. The angle between the MN and the LAF had a mean value of 8.8° (range 0.0°-32.2°). The nerve was parallel to the LAF in only 10.7% of the studied wrists. Palmaris longus was absent in 14 (18.4%) of the 76 wrists. CONCLUSIONS The MN takes an angular approach to the carpal tunnel in the distal wrist in the vast majority of cases. This newly described finding will be useful to both clinicians and anatomists.

show abstract

Frequency of palmaris longus absence and its association with other anatomical variations in the egyptian population

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

Assessment of the Presence or Absence of Palmaris Longus and the Fifth Superficial Flexor Tendon in the Iranian Population : Are These Tendons Evolutionary ?

Assessment of the Presence or Absence of Palmaris Longus and the Fifth Superficial Flexor Tendon in the Iranian Population : Are These Tendons Evolutionary ?

Evaluation of Relationship Between Prevalence of Palmaris Longus Muscle and Handedness in Turkish Population

The angular course of the median nerve in the distal forearm and its anatomical importance in preventing nerve injury in a modern era of carpal tunnel release

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