Frequency of Hypomagnesemia in Hospitalized Diabetic Hypokalemic Patients

Haque, Wasim Md Mohosinul; Ar, Khan; Nazimuddin, Khwaja; Musa, Akm; Ahmed, Akm Shaheen; Sarker, Rene Suzan Claude

doi:10.3329/jbcps.v26i1.4227

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…found a mean diabetic duration of 8.85 years in hypomagnesemic patients and concluded that serum magnesium level has no direct relationship with diabetic duration if the diabetes is well controlled. [13]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Dasgupta

Sarma

Saikia

2012

Indian J Endocr Metab

106

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Introduction:Hypomagnesemia is reported in type 2 diabetes; magnesium deficiency may play a role in the development of endothelial dysfunction and altered insulin function.Objective:To assess the incidence of hypomagnesemia among noncritically ill patients of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and to evaluate the relation of hypomagnesemia to glycemic control and various long-term complications of diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods:One hundred and fifty, noncritically ill (APACHE score < 10) type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, who were admitted in the Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, GMCH for uncontrolled hyperglycemia and/or various diabetic complications were studied. Serum magnesium was assessed at admission and rechecked in those found to be deficient.Results:Hypomagnesemia (Se magnesium < 1.6 mg/dl) was documented in 17 (11.33%) patients with a female:male ratio of 9:8. Mean HbA1c was 11.9% in the hypomagnesemic patients compared with 9.8% in controls (P =0.0016). Retinopathy, microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, foot ulceration, and neuropathy was present in 64%, 47%, 17.64%, 58.8%, and 82.35%, respectively, of the patients with hypomagnesemia as compared with 45.8% (P =0.118), 38.34% (P =0.704),15.03% (P =0.566), 22.55% (P =0.011) and 82.7% (P =0.976) without hypomagnesemia. Coronary artery disease was less common in the hypomagnesemia group (17.6% vs 39%), but comparable in the subgroup < 50 years (27% vs 25%) (P =0.796).Conclusion:Hypomagnesemia in diabetes was associated with poorer glycemic control, retinopathy, nephropathy, and foot ulcers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Dasgupta

Sarma

Saikia

2012

Indian J Endocr Metab

106

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“…In one study frequency was much higher, 63.3%. 17 In another study, prevalence was 42% in malnutrition related diabetes mellitus patients. 18 Conclusion From this study, it was found that hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia and hypomagnaesemia were common electrolyte imbalance in hospitalized diabetic patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of Electrolyte Imbalance in Hospitalized Diabetic Patients: Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital

et al. 2012

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Pattern of Electrolyte Imbalance in Hospitalized DiabeticPatients 22% were on oral anti-diabetic agents and 6% were on medical nutrition therapy. Among the co-morbidities, hypertention was the most prevalent (61%), followed by ischaemic heart disease (24%), chronic kidney disease (21%), dyslipidaemia (8%) and fatty liver (4%). Diabetic peripheral neuropathy was present in 41% cases, nephropathy in 13% cases and retinopathy in 12% cases. Over all 78% (100 patients had electrolyte imbalance out of 128 patients) of patients had some sort of electrolyte imbalance, irrespective of cause of admission. Hyponatraemia was the most common electrolyte imbalance in this study (80%), followed by hypomagnaesemia (38%), hypokalaemia (36%) and hyperkalaemia (14%). In 11% cases there were hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia and hypomagnaesemia. Regarding the precipitating factors, vomiting was most common (51%). In 28% cases electrolyte imbalance was precipitated by various drugs. Diarrhea and renal failure were responsible in a minority of cases. In 4% cases no cause could be identified. No death occurred.Conclusion: From this cross-sectional study it can be concluded that, electrolyte imbalance is common in hospitalized diabetic patients. Serum electrolytes should be checked routinely in hospitalized diabetic patients irrespective of their purpose of admission.

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“…26,27 It has been observed that the raised HBA1C and lipoprotein levels in current series directly proportional to hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus due to magnesium deficiency, the observations are consistent with the findings reported by Srinivasan et al 28 The present study results suggested that low magnesium levels are associated with the duration of diabetes and foot ulcers; and the Haquea et al study found the strong relationship between diabetes mellitus and its duration. 29 Furthermore it has been detected the low serum magnesium level is responsible for persistent hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia leads to atherosclerosis and that is again risk factor for peripheral vascular disease and foot ulceration. 30 Hypomagnesemia again directly proportional to blood pressure, oxidative stress and thickness in carotid vasculatures and ischemic heart diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Feroz

Memon

Shah³

et al. 2018

TPMJ

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Objectives: To determine the frequency of hypomagnesemia in patients withdiabetic foot ulcer. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive nature. Setting: Liaquat UniversityHospital Jamshoro / Hyderabad. Period: 29-09-2016 to 28-03-2017. Patients and Methods:The patients with history of diabetes mellitus (known cases) for more than 3 years durationhad diabetic foot ulcer for ≥ 02 weeks duration, of 30-60 years of age & either gender wererecruited and evaluated for serum magnesium level while the data was analyzed in SPSS 16.Results: Total 100 patients with diabetic foot ulcer were evaluated for hypomagnesaemia. Themean age ±SD of age (years), duration of diabetes (years) and foot ulcer (weeks), BMI (kg/m2),hypertension (systolic and diastolic mmHg), HBA1C and magnesium for whole population was52.86±6.87, 6.95±1.85 and 5.86±2.31, 31.92±2/43, 150.38±10.52 and 95.97±5.97, 9.96±2.73and 1.16±0.95 respectively. Out of one hundred, 55% were males and 45% were females. Thehypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity, raised HBA1C and hypomagnesemia was foundin 65%, 59%, 59%, 55%, 56% and 67%. Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia detected in subjectswith type 2 diabetes mellitus having foot ulcers.

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Frequency of Hypomagnesemia in Hospitalized Diabetic Hypokalemic Patients

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Pattern of Electrolyte Imbalance in Hospitalized Diabetic Patients: Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

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