Frequency of hepatitis E and Hepatitis A virus in water sample collected from Faisalabad, Pakistan

Ahmad, Tahir; Anjum, Sadia; Zaidi, Najam‐us‐Sahar Sadaf; Ali, Amjad; Waqas, Muhammad; Afzal, Muhammad Sohail; Arshad, Najma

doi:10.5604/12321966.1185903

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The virus shed to the environment is diluted many times and there are many PCR inhibitory substances. The adsorption elution method by using negatively charged membrane filters is the best choice for the concentration of viruses from water sources [26]. For the easy recovery and removal of inhibitory substances, the proteinase K method was used to eliminate the inhibitory factors [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the risk for human health of Enterovirus and Hepatitis A virus in clinical and water sources from three metropolitan cities of Pakistan

Ahmad¹,

Adnan²,

Nadeem³

et al. 2018

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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of the risk for human health of Enterovirus and Hepatitis A virus in clinical and water sources from three metropolitan cities of Pakistan. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2018; 25(4): 708-713. AbstractIntroduction. Molecular studies have confirmed the silent circulation of enterovirus (EntV) and hepatitis A virus in the environment, even in the absence of clinical manifestation. Viral pathogens are among the major causes of disease outbreaks, particularly in the bigger cities and both in the developed and underdeveloped nations. Materials and method. Between June 2016 -June 2017, 97 samples of drinking water, river water polluted with sewage and blood were selected and obtained from high risk communities in Pakistan. Negatively charged membrane filters were used to concentrate the virus, followed by the use of specific PCR primers set for quick identification of the waterborne viruses. Results. Enteroviruses were recovered from 40%, 28.57% and 33.33% of river water polluted with sewage samples in Lahore, Islamabad and Rawalpindi, respectively, while the presence of 13.13% and 11.76% of viral load was also confirmed in the drinking water of Lahore and Rawalpindi, respectively. A high prevalence of HAV (12.5% and 21.05%) was also verified in the clinical samples. Phylogenetic analysis indicated close resemblance of HAV isolates with the Indian strains. This study is the first ever comparative analysis of the EntV and HAV isolated from environmental samples and clinical specimen on a molecular level. Conclusions. The parallel surveillance of EntV and HAV in the river water polluted with sewage, and clinical samples is quite helpful for controlling and reducing the disease burden of the waterborne illnesses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the risk for human health of Enterovirus and Hepatitis A virus in clinical and water sources from three metropolitan cities of Pakistan

Ahmad¹,

Adnan²,

Nadeem³

et al. 2018

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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“…Considering different socioeconomic status of countries, these approaches are performed of various quality and quantity leading to the different rates of HAV prevalence. For instance, the major reasons for outbreaks of HAV in Pakistan are related to the poor sanitation conditions and therefore, using tracking systems for checking water resources for HAV have been suggested for this country (17,18). In contrast to these high reported HAV prevalence rates, Cyprus has the lowest prevalence of HAV infection in the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Hepatitis A Virus Infection Prevalence Among Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Countries: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis

2017

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Context: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is the most common type of acute viral hepatitis that has been proposed as an important public health issue. Most of the countries in WHO Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) and Middle East (ME) have a high endemicity of HAV infection. To provide a comprehensive estimation of the epidemiology of HAV in this region, we carried out a systematic review on the literature reporting the prevalence of HAV infection in the EMR and ME.Evidence Acquisition: We conducted a systematic search in the databases including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of science using appropriate search strategies. Observational studies published between January 1990 and July 2016 with clearly stated data regarding HAV Ab (IgG) in non-high-risk groups from countries of EMR and ME were examined. We estimated the prevalence of HAV infection and 95% confidence interval based on the pooled data from all included studies for each country, and the regions were weighted according to the population size of each country in that region. Results:The HAV prevalence in ME, WHO EMR, and in total was 61.60 (61.31 -61.89), 65.74 (65.39 -66.09), and 62.60 (62.32 -62.89), respectively. We found no eligible study for Bahrain, Djibouti, Libya, Oman, Qatar, and Sudan. Cyprus had the lowest prevalence rate of HAV (2.61% (1.53 -4.17)) that along with UAE and Kuwait, it had a prevalence rate below 50%. The most HAV prevalence rates were related to ), )), )), and .77)), in sequence. Conclusions:The countries of EMR and ME need more and constant programs for prevention and control of HAV infection. Also, further primary original epidemiological studies are needed in some countries of the region.

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“…HEV was responsible for both sporadic and epidemic outbreaks in several countries [23,24], and has been detected in natural waters from Colombia, Italy, and Sweden [9,25,26], in drinking water in Sweden and India [9,27], and in wastewater in Italy, Sweden, Pakistan, Colombia, Portugal and Spain [14,25,[28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Presence of Hepatitis E Virus in Surface Water and Drinking Water in Portugal

et al. 2020

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a non-enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus, belonging to the Hepeviridae family, resistant to environmental conditions, and transmitted by the consumption of contaminated water. This virus is responsible for both sporadic and epidemic outbreaks, leading to thousands of infections per year in several countries, and is thus considered an emerging disease in Europe and Asia. This study refers to a survey in Portugal during 2019, targeting the detection and eventual quantification of enteric viruses in samples from surface and drinking water. Samples positive for HEV RNA were recurrently found by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), in both types of matrix. The infectivity of these samples was evaluated in cultured Vero E6 cells and RNA from putative viruses produced in cultures evidencing cytopathic effects and was subjected to RT-qPCR targeting HEV genomic RNA. Our results evidenced the existence of samples positive either for HEV RNA (77.8% in surface water and 66.7% in drinking water) or for infectious HEV (23.0% in surface water and 27.7% in drinking water). These results highlight the need for effective virological control of water for human consumption and activities.

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Frequency of hepatitis E and Hepatitis A virus in water sample collected from Faisalabad, Pakistan

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Assessment of the risk for human health of Enterovirus and Hepatitis A virus in clinical and water sources from three metropolitan cities of Pakistan

Assessment of the risk for human health of Enterovirus and Hepatitis A virus in clinical and water sources from three metropolitan cities of Pakistan

Estimation of Hepatitis A Virus Infection Prevalence Among Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Countries: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis

Assessment of the Presence of Hepatitis E Virus in Surface Water and Drinking Water in Portugal

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