Frequency of gamma H2AX foci in healthy volunteers and health workers occupationally exposed to X-irradiation and its relevance in biological dosimetry

Raavi, Venkateswarlu; Basheerudeen, Safa Abdul Syed; Jagannathan, Vijayalakshmi; Joseph, Santhosh; Chaudhury, N. K.; Prakash, Venkatachalam

doi:10.1007/s00411-016-0658-1

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Lastly, the frequency of γ-H2AX foci, a marker of DNA double-strand breaks, was found to be significantly higher in IR-exposed workers compared to healthy volunteers [ 68 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Genotoxicity in Medical Workers Exposed to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Baudin¹,

Bernier²,

Klokov

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Medical staff represent the largest group of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). Chronic exposure to low-dose IR may result in DNA damage and genotoxicity associated with increased risk of cancer. This review aims to identify the genotoxicity biomarkers that are the most elevated in IR-exposed vs. unexposed health workers. A systematic review of the literature was performed to retrieve relevant studies with various biomarkers of genotoxicity. Subsequent meta-analyses produced a pooled effect size for several endpoints. The search procedure yielded 65 studies. Chromosome aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) frequencies were significantly different between IR-exposed and unexposed workers (θpooled = 3.19, 95% CI 1.46–4.93; and θpooled = 1.41, 95% CI 0.97–1.86, for total aberrant cells and MN frequencies, respectively), which was not the case for ring chromosomes and nucleoplasmic bridges. Although less frequently used, stable translocations, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and comet assay endpoints were also statistically different between IR-exposed and unexposed workers. This review confirms the relevance of CA and MN as genotoxicity biomarkers that are consistently elevated in IR-exposed vs. unexposed workers. Other endpoints are strong candidates but require further studies to validate their usefulness. The integration of the identified biomarkers in future prospective epidemiological studies is encouraged.

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“…Lastly, the frequency of γ-H2AX foci, a marker of DNA double-strand breaks, was found to be significantly higher in IR-exposed workers compared to healthy volunteers [ 68 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Genotoxicity in Medical Workers Exposed to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Baudin¹,

Bernier²,

Klokov

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Similarly to the comet assay, γ-H2AX level can be measured in cells directly after exposure, without the need for lengthy culture. Raavi et al showed that this method might also find some use in occupational exposure estimation [71]. The authors observed a significantly increased number of γ-H2AX foci in lymphocytes from occupationally exposed health workers (exposed to X-rays) compared to matched controls.…”

Section: Other Candidate Methods For Biological Dosimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Biological Dosimetry for Monitoring Medical Workers Occupationally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation

Piotrowski

Dawid²,

Kulcenty

et al. 2021

Radiation

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Medical workers are the largest group exposed to man-made sources of ionizing radiation. The annual doses received by medical workers have decreased over the last several decades, however for some applications, like fluoroscopically guided procedures, the occupational doses still remain relatively high. Studies show that for some procedures the operator and staff still use insufficient protective and dosimetric equipment, which might cause an underestimation of medical exposures. Physical dosimetry methods are a staple for estimating occupational exposures, although due to the inconsistent use of protection measures, an alternative method such as biological dosimetry might complement the physical methods to achieve a more complete picture. Such methods were used to detect exposures to doses as low as 0.1 mSv/year, and could be useful for a more accurate assessment of genotoxic effects of ionizing radiation in medical workers. Biological dosimetry is usually based on the measurement of the effects present in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Although some methods, such as chromosome aberration scoring or micronucleus assay, show promising results, currently there is no one method recognized as most suitable for dosimetric application in the case of chronic, low-dose exposures. In this review we decided to evaluate different methods used for biological dosimetry in assessment of occupational exposures of medical workers.

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“…The biodosimetry laboratory of the Human Genetics department of our institution has already established the gold standard DC assay to verify the excess radiation exposures registered in occupational workers within the country and provided the service as per the regulatory agency requirement. In parallel, the lab developed an alternative to chromosome-based assays [Bhavani et al, 2014;Meenakshi et al, 2021; and cell-based assays [Raavi et al, 2016;Venkateswarlu et al, 2015] and participated in inter-laboratory comparison exercises organized by RENEB network [Gregoire et al, 2021].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidate Gene Expression in Regional Population and Its Relevance for Radiation Triage

Kannan¹,

Koshy²,

Raavi³

et al. 2023

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Quantification of gene expression signatures has been substantiated as a potential and rapid marker for radiation triage and biodosimetry during nuclear emergencies. Similar to the established biodosimetry assays, the gene expression assay has drawbacks such as being highly dynamic and transient, not specific to ionizing radiation, and also influenced by confounding factors such as gender, health status, lifestyle, and inflammation. In view of that, prior knowledge of baseline expression of certain candidate genes in a population could complement the discrimination of the unexposed from the exposed individuals without the need for individual pre-exposure controls. We intended to establish a baseline expression of reported radiation-responsive genes such as CDKN1A, DDB2, FDXR, and PCNA in the blood samples of healthy human participants and then compare it with diabetic/hypertension participants (as a chronic inflammatory condition) drawn from south Indian population. Further, we have examined the appropriateness of the assay for radiation triage-like situations; i.e., the expression profiles of those genes were examined in the participants who underwent X-ray-based medical imaging. Acute inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide exposure in the blood significantly increased the fold expression of those genes (p < 0.0001) compared to the control. Whereas the basal expression level of those genes among the participants with the inflammatory condition is marginally higher than those observed in the healthy participants; despite the excess, the fold increase in those genes between the groups did not differ significantly. Consistent with the inflammatory participants, the basal expression level of those genes in the blood sample of participants who received X-radiation during neuro-interventional and computed tomography imaging is marginally higher than those observed in the pre-exposure of respective groups. Nevertheless, the fold increase in those genes did not differ significantly as the fold change fell within the two folds. Thus, overall results suggest that the utility of CDKN1A, DDB2, FDXR, and PCNA gene expression for radiation triage specific after very low-dose radiation exposure needs to be interpreted with caution for a much more reliable triage.

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Frequency of gamma H2AX foci in healthy volunteers and health workers occupationally exposed to X-irradiation and its relevance in biological dosimetry

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

Biomarkers of Genotoxicity in Medical Workers Exposed to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Biomarkers of Genotoxicity in Medical Workers Exposed to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Use of Biological Dosimetry for Monitoring Medical Workers Occupationally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation

Candidate Gene Expression in Regional Population and Its Relevance for Radiation Triage

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