Frequency of G6PD Mediterranean in individuals with and without malaria in Southern Pakistan

Moiz, Bushra; Arshad, Haroon; Raheem, Ahmed; Hayat, Hasan; Ghanchi, Najia Karim; Beg, Mohammad Asim

doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2069-4

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Though vivax malaria is endemic and seen throughout the year in most places, an alarming high prevalence was noted in falciparum malaria for many provinces in Pakistan [12]. Our previous work showed the presence of G6PD de ciency in a malaria-endemic region [13] while blood type O was reported as the most frequent (ranging from 28.8% to 35.5%) ABO type in the country [14][15][16]. Despite, these facts, no local data is available for ABO-allelic frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Frequency Distribution Of ABO Alleles In A Malaria-Endemic Area Of Pakistan

Rasheed¹,

Moiz²

2022

Preprint

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Background: Falciparum malaria has exerted adaptive responses in mankind over a period of years for their survival advantage. Red cell disorders like thalassemia, Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, sickle cell anemia parallel the endemicity of malaria and are associated with malaria resistance. Distribution of ABO types had been linked to the prevalence of malaria. Pakistan has a huge burden of malaria, and the commonly reported blood phenotype is O. Despite this, no local information is available for allelic frequency of blood types. The study aimed in determining the frequency of ABO blood group alleles in a malaria-endemic area of Pakistan.Methods: A total of 90 blood samples from healthy blood donors residing in Southern Pakistan were included in this study. Serological testing was performed using gel column agglutination and the conventional tube method. DNA extraction was performed from whole blood using Extra-gene I kit) followed by molecular genotyping by polymerase chain reaction, using sequence-specific primers (SSP-PCR) BAGene ABO kits. Results: Of 90 samples, O phenotype constituted 33.3% (n=30) of the total ABO types. Twelve genotypes were identified in a combination of 6 common ABO alleles. Allele frequency of ABO*O.01.01 was highest at 0.4944 followed by ABO*B.01 (allelic frequency of 0.2555) and ABO*A1.01 (allelic frequency 0.1666). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the ABO*O.01.01 as the most frequent ABO allele in a malaria-endemic area at Pakistan and may be considered as an adaptive response to malaria. We need large scale studies for determining ABO alleles in different regions of the country depending on variability in malaria transmission.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Frequency Distribution Of ABO Alleles In A Malaria-Endemic Area Of Pakistan

Rasheed¹,

Moiz²

2022

Preprint

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“…In Pakistan Primaquine administration needs mandatory G6PD testing although this test is not widely available. A study from the southern Pakistan showed that out of 200 participants 6 were G6PD deficient [22]. Recurrent jaundice due to hemolytic anemia can occur in G6PD deficient people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of Weekly Primaquine in Glucose 6 Phosphatase Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficient Children

Shaikh

Chohan

Touseef

et al. 2021

JPRI

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Aim: To assess the Safety of weekly Primaquine in Glucose 6 Phosphatase Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient children, for radical treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria Study Design: cross sectional study Place and Duration: Pediatrics Out Patient Department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hyderabad from 11 January 2018 to 31st August 2019 (total 20 months’ duration) Methodology: A sample of 40 patients was studied during study period. Male children between 4 years to 12 years of age having confirmed vivax malaria were included in the study. If G6PD result showed decreased level of G6PD level then, they were enrolled for study. MP was checked by thick and thin slide method. 5 ml blood was taken in anticoagulant bottle for G6PD, liver function test, creatinine, complete blood count, and reticulocyte count tests. Haemoglobin < 7 g/dL, reticulocyte count > 4, SGPT > 80, G6PD Level < 60% of normal and creatinine > 1.2 was considered significant. Treatment was given with Artemether and Lumefantrine for 3 days while Primaquine, 0 .75 mg base/kg body weights once a week was given for 8 weeks. Patients were followed at OPD initially on 3rd day of therapy then every week for 8 weeks for any hemolysis. Results: There was no hemolysis during the first week and 8 weeks after therapy. Most common side effect was abdominal pain 4 (10%). Mean hemoglobin was 11.8mg/dl. Plasmodium vivax was negative on 3rd day of therapy, it was also negative on 8 week of therapy. Reticulocyte count, Liver function test, creatinine were also normal on 8 weeks of therapy. Conclusion: Primaquine 0.75mg//kg/week for total eight weeks is highly effective for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax in G6PD deficient children. There is no recurrence of Plasmodium vivax after 8 weeks of therapy. We found this regimen safe as there was no hemolysis demonstrated in children.

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“…[ 26 ] Study in Southern Pakistan was done to evaluate the frequency of G6PD Mediterraneanin male individuals with and without falciparum malaria. [ 29 ] G6PD-Mediterranean is one variant characterized by severe enzyme deficiency and B-like electrophoretic mobility. [ 30 ] Though frequency for this G6PD allele was different in malaria-patients in comparison with healthy individuals they concluded that there is a need of large studies including females to find out true burden of G6PD in malaria-endemic areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 30 ] Though frequency for this G6PD allele was different in malaria-patients in comparison with healthy individuals they concluded that there is a need of large studies including females to find out true burden of G6PD in malaria-endemic areas. [ 29 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of protective relationship of G6PD and other lifestyle factors with Malaria: A case-control study of medical professionals from a teaching medical institute, Gujarat

Pandit¹,

Kalaria

Lakhani

et al. 2020

J Family Med Prim Care

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Background: There remains equivocal evidence in terms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malaria occurrence. A case-control study was performed to assess protective relationship of G6PD and other lifestyle factors with malaria. Methods: One-hundred twenty six medical professionals were randomly selected from a tertiary care clinical institute. Along with demographic and lifestyle details, subjects were interviewed about their history of occurrence of malaria at all in previous 10 years. Their hematological, biochemical, and metabolic profile was assessed clinically as well as by investigations. The analysis was carried out with two groups: (1) those who were subjected with malaria at least once in past 10 years ( Malaria Ever Group ); (2) those who never encountered malaria (Malaria Never Group). Results: Out of 126, 65 subjects were in Malaria Ever Group and 61were in Malaria Never Group . There was no difference in lifestyle measures, hematological, and biochemical parameters. Mean G6PD levels were found similar in both the groups. Of 61 subjects in “malaria-never” group, 1 had deficient (1.1 unit/gm of Hb), 9 had low normal (between 2.5 and 10 units/gm of Hb), 48 had normal (10.1–20.5 units/gm of Hb), and 3 had higher than normal (>20.5 units/gm of Hb) G6PD levels. In comparison, 65 participants from “malaria ever” group, none was deficient, 6 had low normal, 58 had normal, and none had higher than normal G6PD levels. HPLC-based hemoglobin analysis showed significant higher number of participants in “malaria-never” group having altered hemoglobin. 12 participants had increased hemoglobin A2 levels, of which 10 were in “Malaria Occurrence Never” group; of them 6 could be diagnosed having hemoglobinopathy of specified variety. 3 of these 10 participants of “malaria-never” group had low G6PD levels also. Conclusion: Malaria Protection Hypothesis was not found to be true as per our findings, but there were subtle hints that G6PD protection with or without change in hemoglobin alteration maybe operable.

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Frequency of G6PD Mediterranean in individuals with and without malaria in Southern Pakistan

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Frequency Distribution Of ABO Alleles In A Malaria-Endemic Area Of Pakistan

Frequency Distribution Of ABO Alleles In A Malaria-Endemic Area Of Pakistan

Safety of Weekly Primaquine in Glucose 6 Phosphatase Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficient Children

Assessment of protective relationship of G6PD and other lifestyle factors with Malaria: A case-control study of medical professionals from a teaching medical institute, Gujarat

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