Frequency of Diabetic Retinopathy in patients with Type-II diabetes mellitus in an upscale clinic in Karachi.

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study is to measure the current frequency of diabetic retinopathy in Karachi and the stage at which they present first to the outpatient department. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: A private clinic setup in Karachi. Period: 1st July 2015 to 30th June 2016. Material & Methods: In this study, 440 eyes of 220 diabetics were included and frequency of diabetic retinopathy was measured. Individuals ranging from 20 – 80 years age were included. Ophthalmic plus systemic relevant history from every patient was taken in detail. Standard Snellen’s chart was used to check the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Slit lamp examination was done along with fundoscopy with +90D and +70D lens after dilatation with Tropicamide 1%. All patients were examined for diabetic retinopathy. Along with it, stage of diabetic retinopathy, association of diabetic retinopathy with hypertension, age and duration of diabetes was also taken into consideration. Results: The frequency of diabetic retinopathy amongst 220 patients was found to be 15.9% while 6.6 % of them were also having associated maculopathy. The stages of diabetic retinopathy were found to be 10.4% background diabetic retinopathy(BDR), 0.9% preproliferative diabetic retinopathy(PPDR), 3.4% proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR) and 1.1% advance diabetic eye disease(ADED). Overall, 58.5% of the patients also had hypertension along with it. Conclusion: Nationwide studies are needed to be conducted to prevent this complication from progressing while the incidence of diabetic retinopathy is increasing very alarmingly among the society.

Frequency of Diabetic Retinopathy in already diagnosed cases of Diabetes Mellitus- A single center Experience

“…The range of age in this study was from 30 to 75 years with mean age of 51.099±6.19 years, mean duration of diabetes 9.304±3.60 years and mean weight was 87.713±7.63 Kg as shown in Table - One study revealed that insulin intake was indirectly proportional to the presence of DR, as revealed by the landmark studies as well. 8 , which may point to a theory that good glycemic control is achieved with insulin which reduces the complication of DR. Our study has revealed strong association between levels of FBG and presence/absence of DR (p=0.003). Similar to other study in South Asia 9 revealed 8% DR cases, where FBG was <100mg/dl, may have resulted due to poor metabolic control before or because of longer duration of DM.…”

Incidence of Retinopathy in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Type-II Diabetes Mellitus

“…One of its frequent and significant side effects, diabetic retinopathy (DR), is one of the main factors causing blindness globally 3 . A patient may have type 2 diabetes long before a clinical diagnosis is confirmed, and the condition is often diagnosed together with diabetic retinopathy [4][5] . The term diabetic retinopathy (DR) refers to damage caused by prolonged hyperglycaemia to the retinal microvascular system 6 .…”

Evaluation of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 levels as diagnostic biomarker of Diabetic Retinopathy.

“…DME can be introduced at any phase of DR and give ground to distortion of vision and abatement down visual sharpness 7,8 . The prevalence of NPDR is about 25.4%, and PDR is almost 1.4% globally 9,10 . The common symptoms of DR are visual impairment, dark black spots, and defects in the field of vision 7,8 .…”