Frequency of Ciliary Beat measured with a Photo-sensitive Cell

Dalhamn, Tore; Rylander, Ragnar

doi:10.1038/196592a0

Cited by 97 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Historically, high-speed cinematography, where light-detected images were played back at slow speeds in order to allow direct frequency and beat pattern measurements, was regarded as the optimal method for ciliary beat analysis [30]. Because of cost, difficult image processing, and lack of real time analysis, this method was later replaced by video-coupled photomultiplier and photodiode techniques, which estimate the beat frequency indirectly by detecting changes in light intensity passing through the field of beating cilia [31,32]. Recent advances and increased availability of digital high-speed video technology has allowed capturing images of beating ciliated cells at a rate of 250 frames/s [33,34 ,35 ,36-41].…”

Section: Ex Vivo/in Vitro Cilia Function and Methods Of Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucociliary clearance – a critical upper airway host defense mechanism and methods of assessment

Antunes

Cohen²

2007

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

148

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Section: Ex Vivo/in Vitro Cilia Function and Methods Of Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucociliary clearance – a critical upper airway host defense mechanism and methods of assessment

Antunes

Cohen²

2007

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

148

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“…As suggested by Dalhamn,12 we adjusted the aperture allowing light to reach the photomultiplier to an area of 2.2 μm 2 (see ref 14) and positioned it over an area of beating cilia. Voltage signals, generated as the moving cilia interrupted the passage of light, were displayed on an oscilloscope and relayed to a power spectrum analysis programme (ANADAT, Montreal, Canada) to determine ciliary beat frequency.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of ciliary beat pattern and beat frequency using digital high speed imaging: comparison with the photomultiplier and photodiode methods

Chilvers

O’Callaghan

2000

Thorax

219

188

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Background-The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of the power and recovery stroke of respiratory cilia using digital high speed video imaging. Beat frequency measurements made using digital high speed video were also compared with those obtained using the photomultiplier and modified photodiode techniques. Method-Ciliated epithelium was obtained by brushing the inferior nasal turbinate of 20 healthy subjects. Ciliated edges were observed by microscopy and the deviation of cilia during their recovery stroke relative to the path travelled during their power stroke was measured. Beat frequency measurements made by digital high speed video analysis were compared with those obtained using the photomultiplier and modified photodiode. Results-Cilia were found to beat with a forward power stroke and a backward recovery stroke within the same plane. The mean angular deviation of the cilia during the recovery stroke from the plane of the forward power stroke was only 3.6°(95% CI 3.1 to 4.1). There was a significant diVerence in beat frequency measurement between the digital high speed video (13.2 Hz (95% CI 11.8 to 14.6)) and both photomultiplier (12.0 Hz (95% CI 10.8 to 13.1), p = 0.01) and photodiode (11.2 Hz (95% CI 9.9 to 12.5), p<0.001) techniques. The Bland-Altman limits of agreement for the digital high speed video were -2.75 to 5.15 Hz with the photomultiplier and -2.30 to 6.06 Hz with the photodiode. Conclusion-Respiratory cilia beat forwards and backwards within the same plane without a classical sideways recovery sweep. Digital high speed video imaging allows both ciliary beat frequency and beat pattern to be evaluated.

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“…The wash-out time was calculated by filling the chamber with a coloured solution and measuring the rate of decline of absorbance during perfusion with distilled water. CBF was measured at room temperature (23-1 + 1-3 'C) using a photometric technique (Dalhamn & Rylander, 1962;Di Benedetto, Gill, Lopez-Vidriero & Clarke, 1989 (Kennedy & Duckett, 1981). The two methods provided similar CBF values, with differences within 0-2 Hz (r = 0-982; n = 40).…”

Section: Measurement Of Ciliary Beat Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium regulation of ciliary beat frequency in human respiratory epithelium in vitro.

Benedetto

Magnus

Gray

et al. 1991

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The changes in ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of human nasal respiratory epithelial cells were measured in vitro with a photometric technique following exposure to either 4-bromo-calcium ionophore A23187 (4-Br-A23187) or trifluoperazine (TFP), an inhibitor of calmodulin-sensitive calcium-dependent protein kinases. Changes in intracellular free calcium concentrations in response to 4-Br-A23187 were studied using a fluorescent dye (Fura-2).2. Addition of 10' M-4-Br-A23187 caused a time-dependent (P < 001) rise in CBF. The increment in CBF was statistically significant 10 min after challenge (+ 10 %; P < 0 01) and was sustained for at least 1 h, with maximal stimulation after 40 min (+ 18 %; P < 0-01).3. Exposure to 10' M-4-Br-A23187 caused an immediate increase in intracellular free calcium concentration, which preceded the rise in CBF.4. TFP (10' M) caused a reduction of baseline CBF (-10%; P < 001) and prevented the expected rise when the cells were subsequently exposed to 10' M-4-Br-A23187.5. We conclude that: (1) calcium ionophore stimulates the CBF of human respiratory cells; (2) this effect is mediated through a calmodulin-sensitive system, since it is abolished in the presence of TFP; (3) the same pathway appears to control the basal CBF of these cells, since TFP also decreases CBF.

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Frequency of Ciliary Beat measured with a Photo-sensitive Cell

Cited by 97 publications

References 4 publications

Mucociliary clearance – a critical upper airway host defense mechanism and methods of assessment

Mucociliary clearance – a critical upper airway host defense mechanism and methods of assessment

Analysis of ciliary beat pattern and beat frequency using digital high speed imaging: comparison with the photomultiplier and photodiode methods

Calcium regulation of ciliary beat frequency in human respiratory epithelium in vitro.

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