Frequency of Bolton tooth-size discrepancies among orthodontic patients

Freeman, John E.; Maskeroni, A.J.; Lorton, Lewis

doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(96)70083-5

Cited by 134 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The second method involves using the 'Bolton analysis'; 12 a mathematical formula used to analyse the mesio distal tooth width ratios between mandibular and maxillary teeth to achieve an ideal occlusal relationship. 12,13 The Bol ton ratio is calculated by dividing the sum of the mesio-dis tal widths of the six mandibular anterior teeth by the sum of the mesio-distal width of the six maxillary anterior teeth, which gives a ratio of approximately 0.78. This ratio can be used to mathematically calculate the width of the congeni tally missing maxillary lateral incisor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of varying maxillary lateral incisor dimensions on perceived smile aesthetics

et al. 2007

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• The results of this study suggest that the 'golden proportion' should not be a single value but rather a range.• Hypodontia patients showed a preference to a longer lateral incisor as compared to the other groups.• What is aesthetically pleasing to the clinician and patient may not be the same.• Communication and presentation of all diagnostic information to the patient is essential when undertaking treatment planning. VERIFIABLE CPD PAPERThe influence of varying maxillary lateral incisor dimensions on perceived smile aesthetics Objective The aim of this study was to determine the infl uence of varying the dimensions of the maxillary lateral incisors on perceived smile aesthetics. Design Clinical study. Setting Postgraduate dental teaching hospital. Methods A photograph of a female smile displaying only the lips and teeth was digitally altered. First, the width of the maxillary lateral inci sors, in proportion to the central incisor, was altered at 5% intervals to produce six images (52%, 57%, 62% [the 'golden proportion'], 67%, 72% and 77%). In a second group, the length of the lateral incisor was altered at 0.5 mm increments to produce five images with the lateral incisor 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm and 2.5 mm shorter than the adjacent central incisor. The photos were ranked from 'most attrac tive' to 'least attractive' by 41 hypodontia patients, 46 non-hypodontia 'control' patients and 30 dentists. Results: The 67% followed by the 72% lateral-to-central width proportions were the 'most preferred' by all groups. A maxillary lateral incisor that is 1-1.5 mm shorter than the central incisor was the 'most popular' maxillary lateral incisor length. The very short and very long maxillary lateral incisor was consistently perceived as 'least attractive'. Conclusion There is no evidence to suggest that the golden propor tion should be considered the ideal aesthetic standard when creating space for the replacement of missing lateral incisors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of varying maxillary lateral incisor dimensions on perceived smile aesthetics

et al. 2007

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“…dIsCussIon An ideal functional occlusion, with adequate overbite and overjet, requires, among other factors, an adequate ratio between the upper and lower teeth. According to some authors, 2,6,7,16,17 about 5 to 60% of people have some degree of dental discrepancy. This incidence varies according to factors such as sex, 1,14 racial and ethnic characteristics, 3,10,18 kind of malocclusion, 6,7,12,14,15 amongst others.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to some authors, 2,6,7,16,17 about 5 to 60% of people have some degree of dental discrepancy. This incidence varies according to factors such as sex, 1,14 racial and ethnic characteristics, 3,10,18 kind of malocclusion, 6,7,12,14,15 amongst others. 6,11 Even with its limitations, including the need for calculations and use of tables, the Bolton's method 5 constitutes a valuable tool to achieve the correct occlusal relationship during treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Bolton,5 this proportionality is provided by the sum of the mesiodistal diameter of the lower teeth in relation to the upper ones. However, extrinsic factors such as sexual dimorphism, 1,14 racial and ethnic variations, 3,10,18 type of malocclusion, 6,7,12,14,15 inclination of anterior teeth, 8,9 incisor edge thickness, 8,9 and the smile arc 8,9 can affect this proportionality, usually requiring adjustments in the anterior ratio, as described by Bolton. In other words, a high or low Bolton ratio does not necessarily reflect the real discrepancy, and this ideal index does not guarantee an ideal occlusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Análise de Bolton: uma proposta alternativa para a simplificação de seu uso

Pizzol

Gonçalves

Santos-Pinto

et al. 2011

Dental Press J. Orthod.

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O r i g i n a l a r t i c l eBolton analysis: an alternative proposal for simplification of its use Introduction: Mesiodistal size discrepancies of upper and lower teeth and their effect on occlusion have been related. Bolton's method for tooth size discrepancies is, undeniably, one of the most commonly-used methods in orthodontics because of its simplicity. However, the application of this method requires mathematical calculations and use of tables, which often prevents its clinical use. Purpose: Evaluate an alternative method for Bolton's analysis proposed by Wolford that does not require table information. Material and Methods: The sample was composed of 90 initial dental casts of adult patients, with different malocclusions. The ratio between the sum of widths of maxillary and mandibular teeth was calculated for each patient, resulting in the attainment of two indices: The overall ratio and the anterior ratio. Indices were calculated by Bolton's method and by an alternative method, using two different formulas (one simplified and a variation of the same formula) that were separately analyzed. Results: In comparison with Bolton's method, the Simplified Formulas demonstrated a slight trend towards an overestimation of the inferior dental discrepancies (overall and anterior). Conclusion: Both formulas employed for the alternative method may be used to substitute the traditional method, since each demonstrated, on average, differences of less than 0.58 mm when compared with Bolton's method and no clinical significance. AbstractKeywords: Bolton's analysis. Tooth size discrepancy. Diagnosis.Orthodontic treatment planning.

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“…The posterior ratio and overall ratio are also used. Although each of these ratios has been studied extensively for a range of different racial [7][8][9][10] and malocclusion groups, [11][12][13][14][15][16] it is not clear whether their clinical application in these studies was appropriate. To clarify this issue, Tonn specifically analyzed the ratio of the upper and lower premolars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive intermaxillary tooth width proportion of Bangkok residents

Manopatanakul

Watanawirun

2011

Braz. oral res.

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Proper occlusion depends on the correct width ratio between upper and lower teeth, known as Bolton's ratio. In fact, this ratio can be calculated for each pair of teeth from the central incisor to the first permanent molar. This set of ratios, known as comprehensive cumulative percentage ratios (CPRs), can be used not only to determine which tooth or teeth have a tooth width discrepancy, but can also enable the partial graphical analysis of tooth width discrepancy when there is agenesis of certain permanent teeth. Although CPRs have been calculated for Caucasians, tooth width is known to vary depending on racial origin. Therefore, a test of differences between racial groups should be carried out. If these ratios of the Caucasians and Bangkokians are significantly different, the ratio of the Bangkokians is recommended. The objective of this study was to measure tooth size disproportion for Thai patients and to calculate a corresponding set of CPRs. Thirty-seven pairs of dental models were made from a group of Bangkok residents with normal occlusion. Mesiodistal tooth width was measured for each model. The intra-and inter-examiner measurement errors were ascertained as insignificant (p > 0.05). CPRs were then calculated and compared to those derived from other studies. Ten of thirteen CPRs were significantly different from corresponding values derived from Caucasians. We conclude that tooth width ratios vary between different racial groups, and therefore that these should be calculated specifically for each patient racial group.

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Frequency of Bolton tooth-size discrepancies among orthodontic patients

Cited by 134 publications

References 3 publications

The influence of varying maxillary lateral incisor dimensions on perceived smile aesthetics

The influence of varying maxillary lateral incisor dimensions on perceived smile aesthetics

Análise de Bolton: uma proposta alternativa para a simplificação de seu uso

Comprehensive intermaxillary tooth width proportion of Bangkok residents

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