Frequency of apraxia of eyelid opening in the general population and in patients with extrapyramidal disorders

Lamberti, Paolo; Mari, Michele; Zenzola, A.; Aniello, Maria Stella; Defazio, Giovanni

doi:10.1007/s100720200080

Cited by 50 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Studies conducted previously report that AEO either combined with or without BSP may occur in parkinsonism, particularly in PSP [2,16,17]. Our results correlate with those from previous studies and in addition examined the prevalence of BSP in ET patients – which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been done before.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Prevalence of Blepharospasm and Apraxia of Eyelid Opening in Patients with Parkinsonism, Cervical Dystonia and Essential Tremor

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of blepharospasm (BSP), with and without apraxia of eyelid opening (AEO), in patients with parkinsonism, cervical dystonia (CD), and essential tremor (ET). BSP, with or without AEO, is associated with parkinsonism. There have been several reports of BSP in other dystonic conditions, but few looked at the incidence of BSP in ET patients. This study included 659 patients of which 357 had parkinsonism (276 idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) and 81 atypical parkinsonism (57 progressive supranuclear palsy; 11 multiple system atrophy 13 corticobasal degeneration)), 274 had ET, 22 had CD, and 6 had spinocerebellar ataxia. Our results indicate that BSP (with or without AEO) was more prevalent in atypical parkinsonism (6 out of 81, 7.41%) than IPD (9 out of 276, 3.26%). The study also followed 10 (of the 28) patients with BSP to screen for the development of other movement disorders – of these, 2 developed Parkinson’s disease. We conclude then that BSP is common in parkinsonism and that BSP is more prevalent in atypical parkinsonism. We also conclude that BSP is not a common feature in ET patients (0 out of 274 patients reported BSP symptoms).

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Prevalence of Blepharospasm and Apraxia of Eyelid Opening in Patients with Parkinsonism, Cervical Dystonia and Essential Tremor

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other types of dystonia, such as laryngeal dystonia have been reported as well, making these cases difficult to differentiate from MSA [52]. Apraxia of lid opening (ALO), considered by most authors a type of cranial dystonia, is also encountered in PSP [34]. Both oromandibular dystonia and blepharospasm triggered by levodopa have been occasionally reported in PSP as well [4,68].…”

Section: Pspmentioning

confidence: 96%

Dystonia in Parkinson’s disease

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dystonia can occasionally be found in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. It is very uncommon in untreated patients and is more frequently seen as a complication of its treatment. In this review, the various types of dystonia occurring in PD, the differential diagnosis with other parkinsonian syndromes associated with dystonia and treatments available are revised. Dystonia unrelated to treatment can be typical (blepharospasm, torticollis), atypical (parkinsonian writer's cramp, camptocormia, anismus), or occurring in earlyonset Parkinson disease (the so-called kinesigenic foot dystonia, considered a hallmark of early-onset Parkinson's disease). Early and prominent dystonia in untreated patients with parkinsonism should raise the suspicion of other entities other than Parkinson's disease, such as progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy or corticobasal degeneration. In patients on chronic dopaminergic treatment, peak-dose dystonia, diphasic dystonia and off-dystonia can be seen. The later constitutes the major dystonic feature of chronic levodopa therapy, and a wide variety of strategies are available to manage this complication. Among them, deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus has proved to be the most effective one. Dystonic reactions (mainly involving oculomotor cranial nerves and limbs) in operated patients (especially carriers of deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices) are increasingly being reported, constituting a new type of dystonia in patients with Parkinson's disease: dystonia linked to surgical treatment.

show abstract

“…Of 32 patients with AEO seen at a regional referral center in Puglia, Italy, over a 10-year period, 10 were healthy, 10 had blepharospasm, 6 had PSP, and 3 had idiopathic PD (126). The number of patients with AEO who have PD may be similar to the number of patients who have PSP, but because PSP is so much rarer than idiopathic PD, the prevalence of AEO is much higher in PSP.…”

Section: Apraxia Of Eyelid Opening and Closurementioning

confidence: 99%

Eyelid Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative, Neurogenetic, and Neurometabolic Disease

Hamedani

Gold

2017

Front. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Eye movement abnormalities are among the earliest clinical manifestations of inherited and acquired neurodegenerative diseases and play an integral role in their diagnosis. Eyelid movement is neuroanatomically linked to eye movement, and thus eyelid dysfunction can also be a distinguishing feature of neurodegenerative disease and complements eye movement abnormalities in helping us to understand their pathophysiology. In this review, we summarize the various eyelid abnormalities that can occur in neurodegenerative, neurogenetic, and neurometabolic diseases. We discuss eyelid disorders, such as ptosis, eyelid retraction, abnormal spontaneous and reflexive blinking, blepharospasm, and eyelid apraxia in the context of the neuroanatomic pathways that are affected. We also review the literature regarding the prevalence of eyelid abnormalities in different neurologic diseases as well as treatment strategies (Table 1).

show abstract

Frequency of apraxia of eyelid opening in the general population and in patients with extrapyramidal disorders

Cited by 50 publications

References 3 publications

Prevalence of Blepharospasm and Apraxia of Eyelid Opening in Patients with Parkinsonism, Cervical Dystonia and Essential Tremor

Prevalence of Blepharospasm and Apraxia of Eyelid Opening in Patients with Parkinsonism, Cervical Dystonia and Essential Tremor

Dystonia in Parkinson’s disease

Eyelid Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative, Neurogenetic, and Neurometabolic Disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About