OVERVIEWSymptoms of anal incontinence (AI) and difficult defecation (DD) were compared in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse. Our goal was to determine whether risk for AI and DD was increased in the control group and to identify any association with symptom severity in the prolapse group.
Background and ObjectiveStudies describing the "type and frequency of symptoms in women with symptomatic prolapse" have been identified as a research priority by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The current secondary analysis sought to determine whether 1) increased risk for anal incontinence and difficult defecation (DD), characterized by needing to push on the vagina or rectum to complete a bowel movement, exists among these cohorts and 2) women with pelvic organ prolapse demonstrate characteristics or findings associated with greater symptom severity.
Materials and MethodsFrom November 2000 through October 2004, 286 women were recruited to participate in a study of soft tissue defects leading to pelvic organ prolapse. The cohorts consisted of 151 cases with prolapse at least 1 cm beyond the hymen (cases) and 135 women with all areas of vaginal support at least 1 cm above the hymen (controls).A questionnaire protocol included a section on age, race, reproductive and surgical history, and multiple items related to bowel dysfunction. The questions for anal incontinence were:• Do you lose gas from the rectum beyond your control?• Do you lose stool beyond your control if your stool is loose or liquid?• Do you lose stool beyond your control other than during an episode of diarrhea?Patients were given the following options to estimate how frequently these events occurred: never, on an occasional day, on most days, or every day.The questions for DD were:Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. • Do you have to push on the vagina or around the rectum to have a complete bowel movement? • Do you need to strain hard to have a bowel movement?• Do you feel that you have not completely emptied your bowels?Patients were given the following options to estimate how frequently these events occurred: never, with an occasional bowel movement, with most bowel movements, or generally with every bowel movement.Vaginal support was described with the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POPQ). 12 The strength of the pelvic floor muscles with voluntary contraction was assessed as "good, fair, poor, or absent" with digital palpation. An instrumented vaginal speculum was used to assess resting vaginal closure force (VCF REST ) and maximum vaginal closure force (VCF...