Frequency Occurrence and Percentage Distribution of Rh C, Rh c, Rh E and Rh e Blood Group Amongst Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Christian, Serekara Gideon; Eze, Evelyn Mgbeoma; Badom, Barizoge Monsi; Pepple, Ibiere Allwell; Simeon, Christopher Aloy

doi:10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.3.808

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Similar findings have been observed in various studies in Africans. 19 , 20 However, similar results are observed in a few white populations and about 2.9% of the Indian population. 1 , 21 , 22 These findings are not similar to those obtained by Sarkar, 23 Makroo et al 24 Prinja et al 25 and Basu et al, 4 who observed the order of prevalence to be CDe/CDe, CDe/cDe, CDe/cDe, and cDe/cDE.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

ABO and Rh Antigen Distribution Among Pregnant Women in South Western Uganda

Mbalibulha¹,

Natukunda²,

Okwi³

et al. 2022

JBM

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Introduction ABO and Rh are the major blood group systems in Transfusion Medicine, the ABO system based on two red cell antigens (A, B) while the Rh has about 50 antigens of which five are highly clinically significant (D, C, c , E, e ). These vary among races and ethnic groups. Blood type phenotype incompatibility between mother and fetus may result in antigen mismatch, triggering alloimmunization, and thus causing hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR), which results in hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn (HDFN). This study aimed to determine the frequencies of ABO and rhesus blood group antigen in the pregnant women in South Western Uganda. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on 1369 pregnant women who were recruited and provided consent to participate during their regular antenatal visits between August 2020 and July 2021. Four milliliters (4mL) of EDTA-anti-coagulated blood samples were collected and ABO and Rh-blood grouping including Rh antigen screening was done using the agglutination technology comprised of glass beads and reagent contained in a column of the Ortho Biovue ID Micro Typing System (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, New Jersey, USA). The Rh antigen phenotypes and frequencies were then determined. Results There was percentage distribution of 99.8%, c 99.3%, D 94.3%, C 19.2% and E 15.9%, with Rh cDe/cDe (65.1%) being the most common phenotype followed by cDe/CDe (15%), cDe/cDE (10.8%) and cDE/cDE 0.1% least common. The ABO grouping frequency was obtained as O 49.4%, A 29.5%, B 17.0% and AB 4.1%, with D positivity at 94.3%. Discussion Population genetic variations result in varied expressions of red cell antigens that may have clinical complications. Knowledge of the presence of these Rh antigen distributions and phenotype frequencies during pregnancy help in rational management of the pregnancy, alloimmunization and better approach to safe blood transfusion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

ABO and Rh Antigen Distribution Among Pregnant Women in South Western Uganda

Mbalibulha¹,

Natukunda²,

Okwi³

et al. 2022

JBM

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“…16 Two studies conducted in Nigeria on pregnant women reported a notable difference in Rhc antigenic frequencies of 100% and 60.7%, respectively. 17,18 However, these results were based on serological testing and not confirmed by molecular typing. This signifies the importance of molecular testing for the exact characterization of Rhc antigen to resolve these contrasting serological results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic Frequency of RHC Antigen in Women of Reproductive Age in Pakistan

Bashir

Akhtar²,

Naeem³

et al. 2022

PAFMJ

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Objective: To determine the genotypic frequency of RHC antigen in females of reproductive age. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion (AFIT) and Pak Emirates Military Hospital, (PEMH) in collaboration with NUMS Pakistan, from Dec 2020 to Dec 2021. Methodology: Females aged 16 to 45 years were recruited in the study. Demographic data, including age, parity, ethnicity etc.,was recorded on a proforma. Venous blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes, and DNA was extracted using 5% Chelex TM. A conventional Polymerase chain reaction and amplified products were subjected to Polyacrylamide Gel electrophoresis. Results: Amongst 200 females, 172(86%) had the expression of RHC antigen, while 28(14%) were negative for the respective antigen. These results were valuable in predicting the risk of hemolytic disease in fetuses and newborns and alloimmunization in our population. Conclusion: Females in the reproductive age group had RHC positivity of 86%. This data will help predict the risk of HDFN in future pregnancies and individuals at risk of alloimmunization in RHC-negative women.

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“…Hackney, 19 has also reported similar observation after a review of 102 pregnancies managed at the Ohio State University from 1967 to 2001 for anti-c isoimmunization and concluded that Anti-c isoimmunization might cause significant fetal and newborn haemolytic disease Distribution of Rh Antigens with respect to previous transfusion history in studied participants showed that 6 (5.0%) for Rh-C, 15 (12.5%) for Rh-c, 6 (5.0%) for Rh E and 17 (14.2%) for Rh-e respectively among studied participants who have had previous transfusion while those with no history of previous transfusion showed 16 (12.5%), 92 (76.6%), 41 (34.2%) and 93(77.5%) for Rh-C, Rh-c, Rh-E and Rh-e respectively in the studied population. Research done by Christian,11 indicated that allo-immunization due to Rh antibodies may occur as a result of blood transfusion. However, this was not observed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An antibody of Rh E is also capable of causing haemolytic transfusion reaction and haemolytic disease of the newborn. 11 The Rhe is not as frequent as the Rh E antigen and its antibodies have been seen to cause haemolytic transfusion reaction and haemolytic disease of the newborn. 10 To prevent allo-immunization, women of reproductive age are given red cell transfusions compatible for Rh antigens such as C, c, D, E and e. This requirement may also be indicated for transfusiondependent patients who receive regular red cell transfusions to prevent allo-immunization against the Rhesus antigens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigens in multiparous women attending antenatal clinic in tertiary hospital, port harcourt, Nigeria

Jacob¹,

Covenant²,

ThankGod³

et al. 2023

HTIJ

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The routine blood screening test carried out for pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Tertiary Hospital Port Harcourt, Nigeria especially with regards to blood group system is limited to ABO/Rh D antigen screening. This cross-sectional, hospital-based study was aimed at determining the prevalence of the Rh C, c, E and e blood group antigens in multiparous women attending antenatal clinic in Tertiary Hospital Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) pregnant females within the age range of 18-40years were recruited randomly into the study between February-June, 2022. Blood samples were aseptically collected by venipuncture into EDTA sample bottle; Rh C, c, E and e blood group antigens were assay for using microwell agglutination technique. Data generated was statistically analyzed by simple percentage calculation and defining the percentage frequency of Rh antigens. Results obtained showed the percentage distribution of 17.5% for Rh C, 89.2% for Rh c, 39.2% for Rh E and 90.8% for Rh-e. Percentage distribution of Rh antigens amongst studied population based on parity showed that G3P2 group had the highest percentage positivity of 8(6.7%) for Rh-C antigen while those carrying their first pregnancy (prime) had the highest percentage positivity of 33(27.5%), 15(12.5%) and 36(30.0%) for Rh-c, Rh-E and Rh-e respectively. Distribution of Rh antigens with respect to previous transfusion history in studied participants showed 6 (5.0%), 15 (12.5%), 6 (5.0%) and 17 (14.2%) percentage positivity for Rh-C, Rh-c, Rh-E and Rh-e respectively. This study revealed a percentage positivity of 17.5%, 89.2%, 39.2 % and 90.8% for Rh-C, Rh-c, Rh-E and Rh-e respectively with high percentage expression for Rh-c, E and e antigens found on the red cells of Antennal Women carrying their first pregnancy. Furthermore, there is a high percentage expression of Rh antigens in previously transfused pregnant women in this study. Although routine phenotyping of these blood group antigens will be a financial burden in a resource limited country like Nigeria. It is expedient and needful to take into cognizance the fact that the presence of Rh C, c, E and e antigens may likely be the cause of some delayed transfusion reactions and haemolytic disease of the foetus and new born. Therefore, there is need for the inclusion of Rh C, c, E and e in routine antigen typing for pregnant women in other to help ameliorate red blood cell alloimmunization and delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction during pregnancy. Furthermore, there is need to promulgate policies that promote the optimum stocking of Rh-e, c antigen negative blood in blood banks in the area for emergency use.

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Frequency Occurrence and Percentage Distribution of Rh C, Rh c, Rh E and Rh e Blood Group Amongst Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

ABO and Rh Antigen Distribution Among Pregnant Women in South Western Uganda

ABO and Rh Antigen Distribution Among Pregnant Women in South Western Uganda

Genotypic Frequency of RHC Antigen in Women of Reproductive Age in Pakistan

Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigens in multiparous women attending antenatal clinic in tertiary hospital, port harcourt, Nigeria

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