Frequency, nature, and predictors of alexia in a convenience sample of individuals with chronic aphasia

Brookshire, C. Elizabeth; Wilson, Jonathan P.; Nadeau, Stephen E.; Rothi, Leslie J. Gonzalez; Kendall, Diane L.

doi:10.1080/02687038.2014.945389

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Our results demonstrate a superior-to-inferior gradation of reading specialisation across the dorsal and ventral pathways according to lexicality and concreteness. Given the typical perisylvian distribution of middle cerebral artery stroke lesions and its overlap with the phonological network, our results provide a unified explanation not only for the fact that phonological deficits are so prominent in poststroke aphasia (Schwartz et al 2012;Butler et al 2014), but also why nonword reading is so strongly undermined (Fiez et al 2006;Rapcsak et al 2009;Brookshire et al 2014). Indeed, our study aligns with previous work concerning lesion sites associated with phonological dyslexia, which have implicated a variety of perisylvian regions, particularly the insula and LIFG, not only in post-stroke aphasia (Fiez et al 2006;Rapcsak et al 2009;Ripamonti et al 2014) but also in primary progressive aphasia (Henry et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Mapping the intersection of language and reading: the neural bases of the primary systems hypothesis

2018

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The primary systems framework has been used to relate behavioural performance across many different language activities to the status of core underpinning domain-general cognitive systems. This study provided the first quantitative investigation of this account at both behavioural and neural levels in a group of patients with chronic post-stroke aphasia. Principal components analysis was used to distil orthogonal measures of phonological and semantic processing, which were then related to reading performance and the underlying lesion distributions using voxel-based correlational methodology. Concrete word reading involved both a ventral semantic pathway, and inferior and anterior aspects of the dorsal phonological pathway. Abstract word reading overlapped with the ventral semantic pathway but also drew more extensively on the superior and posterior aspects of the dorsal phonological pathway. Nonword reading was related to phonological processing along the dorsal pathway and was also supported by a more superior set of regions previously associated with speech motor output. The use of continuous measures of behavioural performance and neural integrity allowed us to elucidate for the first time both the lesion and behavioural correlates for the semantic and phonological components of the primary systems hypothesis and to extend these by identifying the importance of an additional dorsal speech motor output system. These results provide a target for future neuroanatomically constrained computational models of reading.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Mapping the intersection of language and reading: the neural bases of the primary systems hypothesis

2018

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“…The work of Schwartz (1984) highlighted the notion that functional dissociations can cut across aphasia categories, while Marshall and Newcombe (1973) noted that presence of the three major types of acquired dyslexic errors, visual, semantic, and grapho-phonological, was often dissociated from aphasia symptoms. Most recently, Brookshire et al (2014) presented a literature review showing that reading deficits are often found in all aphasia sub-types and that there is not a one-to-one association between aphasia and reading deficits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The connectionist model offers a detailed account of this deficit centered on regions implicated in O–P mapping ( Harm and Seidenberg, 1999 ). A recent review of data from 99 patients with stroke-induced aphasia and reading deficits highlighted the fact that the classical aphasia syndromes do not help to assess reading deficits as these can be co-morbid with all of the aphasia syndromes ( Brookshire et al, 2014 ). By contrast, the approach used in the current study is to directly focus on critical neural systems underlying the cognitive components of reading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurally dissociable cognitive components of reading deficits in subacute stroke

Boukrina

Barrett

Alexander

et al. 2015

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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According to cognitive models of reading, words are processed by interacting orthographic (spelling), phonological (sound), and semantic (meaning) information. Despite extensive study of the neural basis of reading in healthy participants, little group data exist on patients with reading deficits from focal brain damage pointing to critical neural systems for reading. Here, we report on one such study. We have performed neuropsychological testing and magnetic resonance imaging on 11 patients with left-hemisphere stroke (<=5 weeks post-stroke). Patients completed tasks assessing cognitive components of reading such as semantics (matching picture or word choices to a target based on meaning), phonology (matching word choices to a target based on rhyming), and orthography (a two-alternative forced choice of the most plausible non-word). They also read aloud pseudowords and words with high or low levels of usage frequency, imageability, and spelling-sound consistency. As predicted by the cognitive model, when averaged across patients, the influence of semantics was most salient for low-frequency, low-consistency words, when phonological decoding is especially difficult. Qualitative subtraction analyses revealed lesion sites specific to phonological processing. These areas were consistent with those shown previously to activate for phonology in healthy participants, including supramarginal, posterior superior temporal, middle temporal, inferior frontal gyri, and underlying white matter. Notable divergence between this analysis and previous functional imaging is the association of lesions in the mid-fusiform gyrus and anterior temporal lobe with phonological reading deficits. This study represents progress toward identifying brain lesion-deficit relationships in the cognitive components of reading. Such correspondences are expected to help not only better understand the neural mechanisms of reading, but may also help tailor reading therapy to individual neurocognitive deficit profiles.

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“…While much has been done to understand the brain bases of aphasia, little is known about reading recovery after stroke, despite the fact that reading impairments affect up to 60% of aphasia patients (Brookshire, Wilson, Nadeau, Gonzalez Rothi, & Kendall, 2014). For example, it is not yet known if recovery of reading ability is supported primarily by perfusion and neural activation in the peri-infarct areas, or by functional reorganization/neural plasticity within the left reading circuit (or both).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral perfusion of the left reading network predicts recovery of reading in subacute to chronic stroke

Boukrina

Barrett

Graves

2019

Human Brain Mapping

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Better understanding of cerebral blood flow (CBF) perfusion in stroke recovery can help inform decisions about optimal timing and targets of restorative treatments. In this study, we examined the relationship between cerebral perfusion and recovery from stroke‐induced reading deficits. Left stroke patients were tested with a noninvasive CBF measure (arterial spin labeling) <5 weeks post‐stroke, and a subset had follow up testing >3 months post‐stroke. We measured blood flow perfusion within the left and right sides of the brain, in areas surrounding the lesion, and areas belonging to the reading network. Two hypotheses were tested. The first was that recovery of reading function depends on increased perfusion around the stroke lesion. This hypothesis was not supported by our findings. The second hypothesis was that increased perfusion of intact areas within the reading circuit is tightly coupled with recovery. Our findings are consistent with this hypothesis. Specifically, higher perfusion in the left reading network measured during the subacute stroke period predicted better reading ability and phonology competence in the chronic period. In contrast, higher perfusion of the right homologous regions was associated with decreased reading accuracy and phonology competence in the subacute and chronic periods. These findings suggest that recovery of reading and language competence may rely on improved blood flow in the reading network of the language‐dominant hemisphere.

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Frequency, nature, and predictors of alexia in a convenience sample of individuals with chronic aphasia

Cited by 40 publications

References 25 publications

Mapping the intersection of language and reading: the neural bases of the primary systems hypothesis

Mapping the intersection of language and reading: the neural bases of the primary systems hypothesis

Neurally dissociable cognitive components of reading deficits in subacute stroke

Cerebral perfusion of the left reading network predicts recovery of reading in subacute to chronic stroke

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