Frequency Limitations and Optimal Step Size for the Two-Point Central Difference Derivative Algorithm with Applications to Human Eye Movement Data

Bahill, A. Terry; Mcdonald, J. D.

doi:10.1109/tbme.1983.325108

Cited by 103 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…During the experiment, eye velocity was extracted on-line from the position signal, using a two-point central difference derivative algorithm (Bahill and McDonald, 1983). The change in target location occurred, in the jump conditions, when eye velocity reached a level roughly equal to half of its the peak value.…”

Section: Experimental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Anatomy of Nonvisual Feedback Loops during Reaching: A Positron Emission Tomography Study

et al. 2001

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Reaching movements performed without vision of the moving limb are continuously monitored, during their execution, by feedback loops (designated nonvisual). In this study, we investigated the functional anatomy of these nonvisual loops using positron emission tomography (PET). Seven subjects had to "look at" (eye) or "look and point to" (eye-arm) visual targets whose location either remained stationary or changed undetectably during the ocular saccade (when vision is suppressed). Slightly changing the target location during gaze shift causes an increase in the amount of correction to be generated. Functional anatomy of nonvisual feedback loops was identified by comparing the reaching condition involving large corrections (jump) with the reaching condition involving small corrections (stationary), after subtracting the activations associated with saccadic movements and hand movement planning [(eye-armjumping minus eye-jumping) minus (eye-arm-stationary minus eye-stationary)]. Behavioral data confirmed that the subjects were both accurate at reaching to the stationary targets and able to update their movement smoothly and early in response to the target jump. PET difference images showed that these corrections were mediated by a restricted network involving the left posterior parietal cortex, the right anterior intermediate cerebellum, and the left primary motor cortex. These results are consistent with our knowledge of the functional properties of these areas and more generally with models emphasizing parietal-cerebellar circuits for processing a dynamic motor error signal.

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Section: Experimental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Anatomy of Nonvisual Feedback Loops during Reaching: A Positron Emission Tomography Study

et al. 2001

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“…Eye position was digitized at 500 samples/sec. A five-point central difference algorithm (Bahill and McDonald 1983) was used to derive velocity from eye position.…”

Section: Eye Movement Apparatus and Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenic subjects show deficient inhibition but intact task switching on saccadic tasks

Manoach

Lindgren

Cherkasova

et al. 2002

Biological Psychiatry

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“…We used a two-point central difference algorithm to compute smooth velocity as a function of time (Bahill et al 1982;Bahill and McDonald 1983a). A step size of 27 ms was used thus producing a bandwidth of 8.2 Hz.…”

Section: Digital Computation Of Eye Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

New methods for removing saccades in analysis of smooth pursuit eye movement

et al. 1988

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New computation methods for removing saccades in analysis of smooth pursuit eye movement characteristics were developed. They have removed saccades more completely than previous methods, and were very effective especially for noisy data recorded by the EOG method. The fully developed method was applicable to eye movement data in tracking of pseudo-random target movement as well as deterministic target movement. Furthermore, the methods were also useful for extracting the number and magnitudes of saccades more precisely.

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Frequency Limitations and Optimal Step Size for the Two-Point Central Difference Derivative Algorithm with Applications to Human Eye Movement Data

Cited by 103 publications

References 5 publications

Functional Anatomy of Nonvisual Feedback Loops during Reaching: A Positron Emission Tomography Study

Functional Anatomy of Nonvisual Feedback Loops during Reaching: A Positron Emission Tomography Study

Schizophrenic subjects show deficient inhibition but intact task switching on saccadic tasks

New methods for removing saccades in analysis of smooth pursuit eye movement

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