Frequency invariance, gain improvement, and fast design in 3D‐printed photonic band gap antennas with quadratic holes

Abstract

The use of photonic band gap (PBG) substrates with noncylindrical holes in microstrip antennas is little reported in the literature. In this article, a 3D printer was used to produce two PBG antennas in acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) substrate: one with cylindrical holes and the other with quadratic prism holes, both with the same volume in the holes and in the total composition. The proposed PBG antenna with quadratic prism holes maintains the same resonance frequency of antenna with cylindrical holes, that is, 2.64 GHz. In addition, the proposed antenna greatly reduces the project time in the simulation phase, which is very onerous in conventional PBG antennas. The PBG antennas improved the distribution of surface current and increased the gain in relation to the antenna without PBG. Thus, the obtained results were as follows: the gain and efficiency of radiation were 3.75 dB and 55% for the antenna without PBG, 4.5 dB and 60% for the antenna with cylindrical holes, and 5 dB and 62% for the antenna with quadratic holes. All antennas maintained an approximate bandwidth of 3%. These antennas were built, simulated, and measured. A schematic of the build structures, return loss, Smith's chart, radiation diagrams, and computational simulation time was analyzed throughout this article.

Síntese e Caracterização do BaTiO3 pelo Método da Coprecipitação e Aplicação em Antenas Patch de Microfita

“…A Figura 13 apresenta o diagrama de radiação da diretividade. Uma antena apresenta um valor de diretividade ideal acima da 7 dB [29]. Nesta simulação, foi obtido um valor de diretividade máximo de 4,34 dB.…”

Back‐lobe mitigation of a compact DGS microstrip patch antenna using an artificial magnetic conductor surface

“…A. Bakhtiari, et al reported use of metamaterials in Reference 16 for gain improvement of miniaturized microstrip antennas. Use of photonic bandgap substrates with cylindrical 17 and non-cylindrical holes 18 have been reported for gain improvement. Suppression of surface waves improves the antenna radiation properties and it has been accomplished by implementing micromachining, 19 artificial soft surface structures, 20 multi-layered laminated conductors.…”

Grating Lobes Suppression in Frequency Selective Surfaces Using Electromagnetic Band Gap with Square Holes

“…substrates with non-cylindrical holes are reported [13], [14]. Thus, it is important to advance in the study of spurious suppression in planar structures, researching the application of EBG in FSS, aiming at the reduction or suppression of grating lobes.…”