Frequency effects in fretting wear

Fretting wear mapping: the influence of contact geometry and frequency on debris formation and ejection for a steel-on-steel pair

“…The flow of debris out of the contact has been modelled by Leonard et al [36]; in this study, debris was modelled as discrete elements with spring and damper connections, allowing the formation of platelets to be mimicked. Platelets are thin debris features that are composed of sintered or adhered debris, as experimentally observed by Söderberg et al [8]. The modelling suggests that, as the platelet features became longer, they interlock and form a thicker third-body layer.…”

“…Söderberg et al [8] reported tests on both carbon steel and stainless steel over a very large frequency range (10-20 000 Hz) and found that the wear volume of the stainless steel increased as frequency increased, but that little change was evident for the carbon steel. This observed increase in wear rate with increasing frequency is not commonly reported in the literature; however, the authors indicated that the wear volumes were approximated from a measure of the wear scar diameter (rather than being a direct measurement of the wear volume), and recognized that the increase in wear volume of the stainless steel may be misleading, as the wear scar diameter (at the higher frequency) was associated with 'extensive plastic deformation' rather than just necessarily wear of the contact.…”

“…In some reports in the literature, the selection of frequency has been driven by a desire to directly address the role of this parameter in fretting, or to replicate the conditions of a particular service environment [6,7], while, in other cases, high frequencies have been selected as a means of reducing the testing time [8] (often thereby facilitating the examination of very high numbers of fretting cycles in times that are practicable). However, the actual running of tests at high frequencies is much more experimentally challenging than running tests at lower frequencies; both the mechanical control of motion and the accurate recording of slip and lateral contact forces become more complex as the frequency is increased, and these difficulties have often led to the selection of lower frequencies for experimental test programmes [9].…”

The role of frictional power dissipation (as a function of frequency) and test temperature on contact temperature and the subsequent wear behaviour in a stainless steel contact in fretting

“…High fretting frequencies can encourage the formation of oxides by raising the contact temperature; however, at the same time, an increase in fretting frequency reduces the time for oxidation between interactions of the asperities in the contact. The amplification of any effects of fretting frequency with displacement amplitude [17][18][19] is associated with the increase in frictional power dissipation (recognising that there are also changes in the area over which the power is dissipated associated with changes in displacement amplitude, but typically only for one of the bodies in the contact in a non-conforming contact).…”

Dynamic analysis of fretting-wear in friction contact interfaces

“…Apart from Levy (1980), and Sextro (2002), coupling between fretting-wear and vibrations is very seldom taken into account in the literature, due to the complexity it introduces. Nevertheless, certain experimental studies have investigated the effect of frequency on fretting wear (Berthier et al, 1988;Soderberg et al, 1986;Leonard et al, 2009).…”