Frequency-Domain Simulation of the Indoor Wireless Optical Communication Channel

Schulze, Henrik

doi:10.1109/tcomm.2016.2556684

Cited by 73 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These surface elements are modeled as Lambertian radiators described by (4) with k = 1. Then, the NLOS channel gain including an infinite number of reflections can be expressed by [26]:…”

Section: A Channel Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional Optical Spatial Modulation for Mobile Users: Toward a Practical Design for LiFi Systems

Soltani

Arfaoui

Tavakkolnia

et al. 2019

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

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Among the challenges of realizing the full potential of light-fidelity (LiFi) cellular networks are user mobility, random device orientation and blockage. In the paper, we study the impact of those challenges on the performance of LiFi networks in an indoor environment using measurement-based channel models, unlike existing studies that rely on theoretical channel models. In our work, we adopt spatial modulation (SM), which has been shown to be energy efficient in many applications, including LiFi. We consider two configurations for placing the photodiodes (PDs) on the user equipment (UE). The first one is referred to as the screen receiver (SR) whereby all the PDs are located on one face of the UE, e.g., the screen of a smartphone, whereas the other one is a multi-directional receiver (MDR), in which the PDs are located on different sides of the UE. The latter configuration was motivated by the fact that SR exhibited poor performance in the presence of random device orientation and blockage. In fact, we show that MDR outperforms SR by over 10 dB at bit-error ratio (BER) of 3.8×10 −3 . Moreover, an adaptive access point (AP) selection scheme for SM is considered where the number of APs are chosen adaptively in an effort to achieve the lowest energy requirement for a target BER and spectral efficiency. The user performance with random orientation and blockage in the whole room is evaluated for sitting and walking activities. For the latter, we invoke the orientation-based random waypoint (ORWP) mobility model. We also study the performance of the underlying system on the uplink channel where we apply the same techniques used for the downlink channel. Specifically, as the transmitted uplink power is constrained, the energy efficiency of SM is evaluated analytically. It is shown that the multi-directional transmitter (MDT) with adaptive SM is highly energy efficient. Furthermore, as a benchmark, we compare the performance of the proposed framework to that of the conventional spatial multiplexing system, and demonstrate the superiority of the proposed one.

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“…These surface elements are modeled as Lambertian radiators described by (4) with k = 1. Then, the NLOS channel gain including an infinite number of reflections can be expressed by [26]:…”

Section: A Channel Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional Optical Spatial Modulation for Mobile Users: Toward a Practical Design for LiFi Systems

Soltani

Arfaoui

Tavakkolnia

et al. 2019

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

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“…In the early literature, various VLC channel modelling studies were carried out, mainly adopted from earlier works on IR channel modelling including both deterministic [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] and non-deterministic approaches [55][56][57]. For example, in [47], the recursive method proposed in [36] was used to obtain CIR in VL band, but fixed reflectance was assumed.…”

Section: (B) Overview Of Indoor Visible Light Communication Channel Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel modelling for indoor visible light communications

Miramirkhani

Uysal

2020

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Visible light communication (VLC) allows the dual use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for wireless communication purposes in addition to their primary purpose of illumination. As in any other communication system, realistic channel modelling is a key for VLC system design, analysis and testing. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of indoor VLC channel models. In order to set the background, we start with an overview of infrared (IR) channel modelling, which has received much attention in the past, and highlight the differences between visible and IR optical bands. In the light of these, we present a comparative discussion of existing VLC channel modelling studies and point out the relevant advantages and disadvantages. Then, we provide a detailed description of a site-specific channel modelling approach based on non-sequential ray tracing that precisely captures the optical propagation characteristics of a given indoor environment. We further present channel models for representative deployment scenarios developed through this approach that were adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE) as reference channel models. Finally, we consider mobile VLC scenarios and investigate the effect of receiver location and rotation for a mobile indoor user. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.

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“…A widely used method to calculate the CIR is proposed by Kahn and Barry in [27]. This method is significantly improved by Schulze in [31] by taking into account all reflections. This method is used in this paper since our interest is not to observe how adding an increased number of high order reflections affects the LiFi analyses, but instead to observe how neglecting the reflections affect the analyses.…”

Section: B Channel Impulse Response H(t)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CIR h(t) can be decomposed into the LOS and the diffuse links [31]. That is, it can be written as:…”

Section: B Channel Impulse Response H(t)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Terminal Orientation in OFDM-Based LiFi Systems

Purwita

Soltani

Safari

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

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Light-fidelity (LiFi) is a wireless communication technology that employs both infrared and visible light spectra to support multiuser access and user mobility. Considering the small wavelength of light, the optical channel is affected by the random orientation of a user equipment (UE). In this paper, a random process model for changes in the UE orientation is proposed based on data measurements. We show that the coherence time of the random orientation is in the order of hundreds of milliseconds.Therefore, an indoor optical wireless channel can be treated as a slowly-varying channel as its delay spread is typically in the order of nanoseconds. A study of the orientation model on the performance of direct-current-biased orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (DC-OFDM) is also presented. The performance analysis of the DC-OFDM system incorporates the effect of diffuse link due to reflection and blockage by the user. The results show that the diffuse link and the blockage have significant effects, especially if the UE is located relatively far away from an access point (AP). It is shown that the effect is notable if the horizontal distance between the UE and the AP is greater than 1.5 m in a typical 5 × 3.5 × 3 m 3 indoor room.

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Frequency-Domain Simulation of the Indoor Wireless Optical Communication Channel

Cited by 73 publications

References 17 publications

Bidirectional Optical Spatial Modulation for Mobile Users: Toward a Practical Design for LiFi Systems

Bidirectional Optical Spatial Modulation for Mobile Users: Toward a Practical Design for LiFi Systems

Channel modelling for indoor visible light communications

Terminal Orientation in OFDM-Based LiFi Systems

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