Frequency-domain diagonal extension imaging

Abstract

The pixel size of a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera plays a major role in the image resolution, and the square pixels are attributed to the physical anisotropy of the sampling frequency. We synthesize the high sampling frequency directions from multiple frames acquired with different angles to enhance the resolution by 1.4× over conventional CCD orthogonal sampling. To directly demonstrate the improvement of frequency-domain diagonal extension (FDDE) microscopy, lens-free microscopy is used, as its resolution is dominantly determined by the pixel size. We demonstrate the resolution enhancement with a mouse skin histological specimen and a clinical blood smear sample. Further, FDDE is extended to lens-based photography with an ISO 12233 resolution target. This method paves a new way for enhancing the image resolution for a variety of imaging techniques in which the resolution is primarily limited by the sampling pixel size, for example, microscopy, photography, and spectroscopy.

High-resolution terahertz digital holography based on frequency-domain diagonal extension imaging

“…The sampling intervals will be different along different directions of the detector because of the sampling anisotropy of grid-like detectors. The sampling interval is 1 pixel along horizontal/vertical directions, while the sampling interval is 0.707 pixels along diagonal directions, which has been proved in literatures (Jiang et al 2020). Jiang et al (2020) proposed FDDE microscopy and the resolution was enhanced by 1.4 times.…”

“…The methods mentioned before can enhance the resolution, but they may increase the experiment or algorithm complexity. Frequency-domain diagonal extension (FDDE) imaging (Jiang et al 2020), which has a similar principle to FPM, does not require additional complex experimental devices. This method only needs to adjust the orientations of samples or detectors and the processing algorithm is simple and e cient.…”

Stimulated emission depletion microscopy for biological imaging in four dimensions: A review

“…For example, deep learning and new data processing procedure can improve the STED imaging results (H. Wang et al, 2019). As for parallel EO‐STED which uses EMCCD to achieve high speed imaging (Girsault & Meller, 2020), frequency‐domain diagonal extension technique can be used to further improve the lateral resolution (Jiang et al, 2020). In the future, we anticipate more inventions which could achieve high‐resolution and wide measurement range in XY ‐ Z ‐ t four dimensions for in vivo imaging.…”

A protocol for single‐source dual‐pulse stimulated emission depletion setup with Bessel modulation

“…Moreover, photo‐multiplier tube (PMT) is another detection path for later aligning gold‐nanoparticles (GNs) PSF and tube lens before APD and this detected signal occupies AI port linked to device card. Meanwhile, a CCD camera (H674ICE, Tuscen) is used to help system alignment and capture the bright‐field image (Jiang et al, 2020).…”