Frequency domain analysis of an optical FM discriminator

Sorin, Wayne V.; Chang, Kok Wai; Conrad, Geraldine; Hernday, P.

doi:10.1109/50.143079

Cited by 73 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Both quantum dot size distribution and the Fabry-Perot cavity lead to a widely multimode emission. [5]. The LEF is given by the phase to amplitude responses ratio at the highest frequencies, in the limits of the device modulation bandwidth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Giant linewidth enhancement factor and purely frequency modulated emission from quantum dot laser

et al. 2005

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Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. . These results should improve the usual quantum well (QW) laser performances, and finally allow the realisation, for example, of chirp-free directly-modulated lasers.However, more disruptive properties can also be explored with quantum dot lasers. In particular, it has been observed that above the ground state (GS) lasing threshold, the gain of the excited state (ES) is not clamped. Owing to the limited number of available GS levels, carriers injected in the ES cannot fully relax to the GS and contribute to increase the ES gain (carrier pile-up). This phenomenon is unique in the semiconductor laser domain, and leads to new device properties. Simultaneous lasing of two allowed transitions, respectively the ground state level transition and the excited state level transition has, for example, already been reported [3].In this Letter we have focused our investigation on a specific regime that appears at currents just below the ES threshold. In particular, we demonstrate that the GS filling implies giant linewidth enhancement factors (LEF) up to 60, far above any reported value for semiconductor lasers. As a result, purely frequency shift keyed (FSK) signal could be achieved by direct modulation of a semiconductor laser.After a brief description of the investigated device, we will present effective linewidth enhancement factor measurements, followed by dynamic measurements near the ES threshold.

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confidence: 99%

Giant linewidth enhancement factor and purely frequency modulated emission from quantum dot laser

et al. 2005

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“…With this method, the filtered FN PSD and the RIN PSD can be obtained separately, without cross-contamination, and still without reliance on maintaining a specific fringe phase. Even though the RIN can be simply measured through direct detection, it can be convenient to access both quantities in a single measurement [16]. Moreover, the amplitudephase cross-PSD, a quantity that carries useful information [31], is accessible and a separate calibration measurement of I 0 is no longer required to scale the FN PSD.…”

Section: Problems With the Basic Configuration And Standard Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A typical instrument can take the form of a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer [16] [figure 1(a)] or Michelson interferometer [17], although multiple-beam interferometer configurations have also been demonstrated [18,19]. The underlying principle remains the same in all cases: when the differential delay is such that the interferometer output is held at the side of an interference fringe, halfway between the maximum and minimum output values, the instrument effectively converts phase or frequency fluctuations into intensity fluctuations that can be readily measured with standard photodetectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive coherent discriminator using phase diversity for the simultaneous measurement of frequency noise and intensity noise of a continuous-wave laser

et al. 2016

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The frequency noise and intensity noise of a laser set the performance limits in many modern photonics applications and, consequently, must often be characterized. As lasers continue to improve, the measurement of these noises however becomes increasingly challenging. Current approaches for the characterization of very high-performance lasers often call for a second laser with equal or higher performance to the one that is to be measured, an incoherent interferometer having an extremely long delay-arm, or an interferometer that relies on an active device. These instrumental features can be impractical or problematic under certain experimental conditions. As an alternative, this paper presents an entirely passive coherent interferometer that employs an optical 90° hybrid coupler to perform in-phase and quadrature detection. We demonstrate the technique by measuring the frequency noise power spectral density of a highly-stable 192 THz (1560 nm) fiber laser over five frequency decades. Simultaneously, we are able to measure its relative intensity noise power spectral density and characterize the correlation between its amplitude noise and phase noise. We correct some common misconceptions through a detailed theoretical analysis and demonstrate the necessity to account for normal imperfections of the optical 90° hybrid coupler. We finally conclude that this passive coherent discriminator is suitable for reliable and simple noise characterization of highly-stable lasers, with bandwidth and dynamic range benefits but susceptibility to additive noise contamination.

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“…[120] measured the modulation response versus frequency of a commerical 1.3 micron DFB laser. The bandwidth was approximately 4.3 GHz, but it was not flat, there was an observeable resonance peak.…”

Section: Dfb Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[45] analyzed the frequency-dependent response of a link with a quadrature biased MZI discriminator subject to large modulation-depth AM and FM. [46] studied the intermodulation distortion for a Fabry-Perot discriminated link with a large number of channels, while taking into account both FM and IM on each channel.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear, Low Noise Microwave Photonic Systems using Phase and Frequency Modulation

Wyrwas¹

2012

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Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. All rights reserved.Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission. Photonic systems that transmit and process microwave-frequency analog signals have traditionally been encumbered by relatively large signal distortion and noise. Optical phase modulation (PM) and frequency modulation (FM) are promising techniques that can improve system performance. In this dissertation, I discuss an optical filtering approach to demodulation of PM and FM signals, which does not rely on high frequency electronics, and which scales in linearity with increasing photonic integration. I present an analytical model, filter designs and simulations, and experimental results using planar lightwave circuit (PLC) filters and FM distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers. The linearity of the PM and FM photonic links exceed that of the current state-of-the-art.

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Frequency domain analysis of an optical FM discriminator

Cited by 73 publications

References 10 publications

Giant linewidth enhancement factor and purely frequency modulated emission from quantum dot laser

Giant linewidth enhancement factor and purely frequency modulated emission from quantum dot laser

Passive coherent discriminator using phase diversity for the simultaneous measurement of frequency noise and intensity noise of a continuous-wave laser

Linear, Low Noise Microwave Photonic Systems using Phase and Frequency Modulation

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