Frequency distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in different geographical regions of Pakistan and their possible routes of transmission

Idrees, Muhammad; Riazuddin, Sheikh

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-69

Cited by 179 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…However, when the effect of IFN therapy in patients was analysed, we observed a statistically higher frequency of this allele in SVR patients compared with non-SVR patients. This association is consistent with the observations of Harcourt et al (2001); although they did not report the HCV genotype, it was most probably genotype 1, which is the most prevalent in UK patients in contrast to our study population, which consisted of genotype 3a only, the most common genotype in Pakistan (Idrees & Riazuddin, 2008). These observations are interesting as they indicate a possible mechanism in which the HLA-DQB1*0301 allele is somehow involved in clearance of virus from patients spontaneously by natural immunity or by an IFNsupplemented immune system.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Patient HLA-DRB1* and -DQB1* allele and haplotype association with hepatitis C virus persistence and clearance

Ali

Mansoor

Ahmad

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is prevalent throughout the world and interferon (IFN)-based treatments are currently the only therapeutic option. However, depending upon variations in their human leukocyte antigen (HLA), some patients do not respond well to IFN therapy. The current study evaluated the HLA allele and haplotype distribution of 204 HCV-seropositive individuals from Islamabad, Pakistan, who were receiving standard IFN therapy. In this cohort, 150 patients (74 %) showed a sustained virological response to IFN therapy, whereas 54 (26 %) did not. In addition to the HCV patients, 102 unrelated healthy volunteers were used as controls. DNA was isolated from the blood of the patients and controls for HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 allele typing, whilst plasma was used for HCV detection and genotyping. HLA-DRB1*04 was found to impart a significant protective advantage [Bonferroni-corrected P value (pc)50.047] against HCV infection. In patients on IFN therapy, HLA-DRB1*11 and -DQB1*0301 (pc50.044) were found to be associated with viral clearance. In contrast, HLA-DRB1*07 (pc50.008) individually or in combination with HLA-DQB1*02 was found to be associated with viral persistence. These associations of HLA with HCV persistence or clearance will be beneficial in deciding the therapeutic regimen for Pakistani patients infected with HCV genotype 3a.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Patient HLA-DRB1* and -DQB1* allele and haplotype association with hepatitis C virus persistence and clearance

Ali

Mansoor

Ahmad

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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“…In 2004, a panel of 30 top gastroenterologists of the country met at a conference and reported that 75%-90% of HCV patients in Pakistan had genotype 3a [8] . Qazi et al [92] reported in 2006 that 71% [95] .…”

Section: Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hakim et al [18] reported in 2008 that 51% of HCV patients had genotype 3a; 24% had 3a/3b co-infection and 16% had genotype 3b, while similar results were also reported by Afridi et al [94] who stated that 50% of HCV patients had genotype 3a followed by 3b and 1a. The most detailed study was conducted by Idrees and Riazuddin in 2008, who performed genotyping of 3351 patients and reported that genotype 3a was the most prevalent genotype in Pakistan; their results are summarized in Figure 1 [95] .…”

Section: Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus in Pakistan: A systematic review ofprevalence, genotypes and risk factors

Waheed¹,

Shafi²,

Safi³

et al. 2009

WJG

174

168

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In Pakistan more than 10 million people are living with Hepatitis C virus (HCV), with high morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the prevalence, genotypes and factors associated with HCV infection in the Pakistani population. A literature search was performed by using the keywords; HCV prevalence, genotypes and risk factors in a Pakistani population, in Pubmed, PakMediNet and Google scholar. Ninetyone different studies dating from 1994 to May 2009 were included in this study, and weighted mean and standard error of each population group was calculated. Percentage prevalence of HCV was 4.95% ± 0.53% in the general adult population, 1.72% ± 0.24% in the pediatric population and 3.64% ± 0.31% in a young population applying for recruitment, whereas a very high 57% ± 17.7% prevalence was observed in injecting drug users and 48.67% ± 1.75% in a multitransfused population. Most prevalent genotype of HCV was 3a. HCV prevalence was moderate in the general population but very high in injecting drug users and multi-transfused populations. This data suggests that the major contributing factors towards increased HCV prevalence include unchecked blood transfusions and reuse of injection syringes. Awareness programs are required to decrease the future burden of HCV in the Pakistani population.

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“…The patients were stratified according to age, sex and grade of liver fibrosis according to METAVIR scoring system. 3 second group(31-50 years) had a mean age of 40.24(±5.2 SD) and had a 29 patients and last group(51-70) had a mean age of 58.08(±5.05 SD) and had a total of 13 patients. The patients were also divided on the basis of being diabetic or non-diabetic.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Hepatitis C; “Apri Score a Noninvasive Marker, Its Predictive Value for Determination of Hepatic Fibrosis and Liver Cirrhosis at Tertiary Care Hospital Hyderabad/ Jamshoro”

Rind¹,

Shah²,

Suthar³

et al. 2016

TPMJ

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ABSTRACT:The major causative factor of hepatic cirrhosis and its complications in chronic hepatitis C is due to presence of liver fibrosis. To assess prognosis and management related decisions, the exact staging of liver fibrosis is of greatest importance. Now, liver biopsy is the inexact gold standard for this purpose. APRI or AST to platelet ratio Index is the best noninvasive marker which can predict presence of fibrosis in majority of chronic hepatitis C patients without the need of biopsy. It is also cost effective and only depends on routine testing (Platelet count and serum AST). Objectives: To determine the positive predictive value of APRI Score for the prediction of fibrosis and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. Study design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Medical wards and Out Patient Medicine Department of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad / Jamshoro. Period: 6 months. Methodology: A total of 51 patients of either gender, age >14 years presenting to Medical wards and OPD for the evaluation of chronic hepatitis were enrolled in this research study after giving preference and avoiding criteria. Clinical data was collected at the time of liver biopsy and blood samples for liver function tests, blood glucose and complete blood picture with platelet count were collected before the biopsy (only AST and platelet count are needed for APRI score) a core biopsy needle of 14 gauge was used and the procedure was conducted under ultrasound guidance. Fibrosis stage was determined according to the METAVIR group scoring system. The patients were examined in a very comfortable manner and all the information collected from the patients was kept confidential and entered in the predesigned proforma. Results: A total of 51 patients were selected for this study. Out of these 31 (60.78%) were male and 20(39.22%) were female. The mean age was 42.53 years (±11.2 SD). The positive predictive value for APRI score between 0.5 to 1.0 was 58.82% whereas the positive predictive values for APRI score 1.1-1.5 was 70.58%. Conclusion:The positive predictive values of APRI score in the ranges of 0.5 to 1.5 were not indicative of the presence of significant liver fibrosis in this research study. However, additional data are required to authenticate or disprove the usefulness of APRI score for the prediction of significant hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. Key words:APRI score, liver biopsy, hepatic fibrosis, chronic hepatitis C Article Citation: Rind MS, Shah MI, Suthar RK, Jahangir S. Chronic hepatitis C; "APRI score a noninvasive marker, its predictive value for determination of hepatic fibrosis and liver cirrhosis at tertiary care hospital Hyderabad/ Jamshoro. Professional Med J 2016;23(1):050-055.

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Frequency distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in different geographical regions of Pakistan and their possible routes of transmission

Cited by 179 publications

References 37 publications

Patient HLA-DRB1* and -DQB1* allele and haplotype association with hepatitis C virus persistence and clearance

Patient HLA-DRB1* and -DQB1* allele and haplotype association with hepatitis C virus persistence and clearance

Hepatitis C virus in Pakistan: A systematic review ofprevalence, genotypes and risk factors

Chronic Hepatitis C; “Apri Score a Noninvasive Marker, Its Predictive Value for Determination of Hepatic Fibrosis and Liver Cirrhosis at Tertiary Care Hospital Hyderabad/ Jamshoro”

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