Frequency, Distribution and Determinants of Diabetes Mellitus in Adult Acute Coronary Syndrome Population of D.I.KHAN Division, Pakistan

Abstract

Background: Global Health Estimates 2015 has shown IHD as second leading global cause of death and 3rd leading global cause for DALYs for 2015. The objectives of this study were to determine frequency, distribution and determinants of DM in adult acute coronary syndrome (ACS) population of D.I.Khan Division, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Departments of Ophthalmology & Community Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, from February 1, 2017 to April 30, 2017. 331 cases were selected with margin of error 4.511%, 90%CL and 25% prevalence of DM in 73,438 adults assumed to have IHD. All indoor adult patients of ACS were eligible. Sex, age groups, and residence and presence of DM were variables. Frequency and distribution were analyzed by count and percentage. Hypotheses for distribution were substantiated by chi-square goodness-of-fit and of association by chi-square test of association. Results: Out of 331 patients with ACS, 225 (68.0%) were men and 106 (32.0%) women, 221 (66.8%) ≤60 years and 110 (33.2%) >60 years, and 210 (63.4%) urban and 121 (35.6%) rural. Frequency of DM was 79/331 (23.87%). Out of 79 patients with DM, men were 44 (13.29%), women 35 (10.57%), age group ≤60 years 57 (17.22%), >60 years 22 (6.65%), urban 53 (16.01%) and rural 60 (7.85%). Our prevalence of DM was lower than expected (p=.00214), our distribution by sex was similar to expected (p=.4993) while our distribution for age groups (p=.01209) and residence (p=.00005) were not similar to expected. Presence of DM was associated to sex (p=.011) but not to age groups (p=.0304) and residence (p=.5241). Conclusion: Prevalence of DM in adult ACS population of D.I.Khan Division, Pakistan was found lower than expected. The prevalence was more in men than women, more in younger age group (≤60 years) than older age group (>60 years) and more in urban than rural population. Our prevalence of DM was lower than expected, our distribution by sex was similar to expected while our distribution for age groups and residence were not similar to expected. The presence of DM was associated to sex but not to age groups and residence.

Distribution of DR-Tb by Sex, Age Groups, Occupation, Province, Division, District, Type of Disease, Type of Drug Resistance, Treatment Regimen and Outcome of Treatment in DR-Tb Population in D.I.KHAN Division, Pakistan

“…We have arranged our research/ study as per design of "Marwat's Logical Trajectory for Research Process", [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] giving this effort a rational flow and including to sort out our research problems, knowledge gaps, converting research problems into research questions and research objectives, making research hypotheses and doing collection, analysis and interpretation of relevant data.…”

Prevalence, Distribution and Determinants of Intestinal Tuberculosis in Adult Indoor Patients With Acute Small Intestinal Obstruction in Population of Peshawar Division, Pakistan

“…We have adopted "Marwat's Logical Trajectory of Research Process". [20][21][22][23] Unawareness about the prevalence, distribution (across sex and age groups) and determinants (association to sex and age groups) of intestinal TB in adult indoor ASIO population of Peshawar Division, Pakistan are our five RPs. Unavailability of data regarding these RPs are our five knowledge gaps and hence rationale for our project.…”

Distribution of Deliberate Self-Poisoning by Socio-Demographic Factors, Precipitating Events, Type of Substance and Mortality in Population of Hazara Division, Pakistan

“…Any study/ sample data which falls within our CI is taken as similar to our study, otherwise higher or lower to our study as the situation may be. We have arranged/ made our study as per design/ style/ structure/ plan/ scheme/ configuration of "Marwat's Logical Trajectory for Research Process", [14][15][16][17][18] giving this project/ task/ effort a conceptual/ rational flow and including to point out/ pick out our research problems, knowledge gaps, putting research problems into research questions, research objectives and performing collection, analysis and interpretation of relavent data. Research hypotheses were not included.…”