1999
DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00195-x
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Frequency dependence of antidepressant response to left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a function of baseline cerebral glucose metabolism

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Cited by 294 publications
(140 citation statements)
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“…Initial studies used fluorodeoxyglucose (George et al, 1995;Kimbrell et al, 1999) or oxygen (O15) (Paus et al, 1997;Paus and Wolforth, 1998) positron emission tomography (PET). Our group at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) pioneered and developed a technique for interleaving TMS with blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Shastri et al, 1999).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Initial studies used fluorodeoxyglucose (George et al, 1995;Kimbrell et al, 1999) or oxygen (O15) (Paus et al, 1997;Paus and Wolforth, 1998) positron emission tomography (PET). Our group at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) pioneered and developed a technique for interleaving TMS with blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Shastri et al, 1999).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In a typical protocol, depressed patients are scanned with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) before and after rTMS applied over the left MDLFC (1-20 Hz frequency, 1-10 sessions, MDLFC defined as 5 cm anterior to the hand area of the primary motor cortex, eg Kimbrell et al, 1999;Teneback et al, 1999;Speer et al, 2000;Catafau et al, 2001;Nahas et al, 2001;Conca et al, 2002;Mottaghy et al, 2002;Nadeau et al, 2002;Shajahan et al, 2002). Following a single session of high-frequency rTMS, Shajahan et al (2002) reported that the connectivity between a number of brain circuits implicated in affect was significantly stronger.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In total, we retained 19 RCTs in our meta-analysis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] , totaling 181 patients with bipolar disorder (type I, N540; type II, N520; unspecified, N5121). The RCTs employed different stimulation targets: the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) [1][2][3][4][5][6][9][10][11]13,16,17 , the right DLPFC 8,14,15,18 , or bilateral DLPFC 7,12,17,19 .…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The RCTs employed different stimulation targets: the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) [1][2][3][4][5][6][9][10][11]13,16,17 , the right DLPFC 8,14,15,18 , or bilateral DLPFC 7,12,17,19 . The majority of studies delivered high-frequency stimulation (HFS) 1,3-6,9-13,16,18 , while some delivered low-frequency stimulation (LFS) 3 The issue of treatment-emergent affective switches in managing bipolar depression is important and controversial, and extends to neuromodulatory treatments. We observed a very low rate of treatment-emergent affective switches, and we did not observe an increased risk associated with active rTMS (1/ 106, 0.9% vs. 1/75, 1.3%, p50.97).…”
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confidence: 99%