Frequency-Controls of Electromagnetic Multi-Beam Scanning by Metasurfaces

Li, Yun Bo; Wan, Xiang; Cai, Ben Geng; Cheng, Qiang; Cui, Tie Jun

doi:10.1038/srep06921

Cited by 129 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…A metasurface is formed by distributing subwavelength resonant particles with different geometries and materials on a 2D surface, and therefore is able to manipulate both amplitudes and phases of electromagnetic (EM) waves, enabling many extraordinary functionalities such as the polarization conversion,,13, 14, 15, 16, 17 perfect absorption,18, 19, 20 and amplitude and phase modulations 21, 22. The generalized Snell's law proposed in 200123 has sped up the development of metasurfaces in the past a few years, enabling a lot of interesting devices to manipulate microwaves,24, 25, 26 terahertz waves,27, 28 and visible lights 29, 30, 31…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convolution Operations on Coding Metasurface to Reach Flexible and Continuous Controls of Terahertz Beams

et al. 2016

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The concept of coding metasurface makes a link between physically metamaterial particles and digital codes, and hence it is possible to perform digital signal processing on the coding metasurface to realize unusual physical phenomena. Here, this study presents to perform Fourier operations on coding metasurfaces and proposes a principle called as scattering‐pattern shift using the convolution theorem, which allows steering of the scattering pattern to an arbitrarily predesigned direction. Owing to the constant reflection amplitude of coding particles, the required coding pattern can be simply achieved by the modulus of two coding matrices. This study demonstrates that the scattering patterns that are directly calculated from the coding pattern using the Fourier transform have excellent agreements to the numerical simulations based on realistic coding structures, providing an efficient method in optimizing coding patterns to achieve predesigned scattering beams. The most important advantage of this approach over the previous schemes in producing anomalous single‐beam scattering is its flexible and continuous controls to arbitrary directions. This work opens a new route to study metamaterial from a fully digital perspective, predicting the possibility of combining conventional theorems in digital signal processing with the coding metasurface to realize more powerful manipulations of electromagnetic waves.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convolution Operations on Coding Metasurface to Reach Flexible and Continuous Controls of Terahertz Beams

et al. 2016

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“…A scalar metasurface able to radiate four beams is already presented in the literature [27]. In this work, the desired radiation pattern is obtained by dividing the metasurface into four regions (one for each beam).…”

Section: Multi-beam Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Radiating Aperture Field Distribution Using Tensorial Metasurfaces

Teniou

Roussel

Capet

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Abstract-This paper deals with the design of tensorial modulated metasurfaces able to implement a general radiating aperture field distribution. A new aperture synthesis approach is introduced, based on local holography and variable impedance modulation. In particular, it is shown that tensorial metasurfaces can be used to generate general radiating distribution (phase and amplitude). In addition, a step by step algorithm is presented. In order to validate the method, several solutions are presented at 20 GHz which implement aperture distributions able to radiate different beams with general polarization.Index Terms-Metasurface antenna, leaky-waves, periodic surface, surface-waves. I. INTRODUCTIONn recent years, metamaterials have become an appealing subject of research. They are synthetic materials that have exotic properties that cannot be found in nature: double negative materials, negative index materials, left-handed materials… Metasurfaces are the equivalent of metamaterials in the case of 2D structures. The properties of these surfaces are described in terms of tensorial or scalar surface impedances (analogous to the constitutive parameters for volumetric metamaterials). Metasurfaces [9], orbital angular momentum communication [10] or transformation optics [11]-[12].All these works are based on the propagation properties of waves over a sinusoidally modulated impedance [13]. By choosing an appropriate modulated surface impedance, it is possible to control the propagation of SW along a surface or to obtain the transition from SW to leaky wave (LW) modes in order to realize antennas [16], [17].Surfaces composed of sub-wavelength printed elements over grounded dielectric slabs were largely used in order to obtain modulated scalar impedances by locally changing the dimensions of the elements [1]- [15]. Symmetric elements are used to produce scalar impedances [1] [19]. However, the direction of the radiating aperture field (or the equivalent surface current) is dictated by the source [19]. This latter aspect limits the number of possible aperture field distributions that can be implemented.Recently, tensorial metasurfaces were successfully used in antenna design that can radiate CP waves [1], [20] and isoflux shaped beam antennas for space applications [20], [21].The additional degrees of freedom offered by tensorial metasurfaces could be used to overcome the limits of scalar solution by generalizing the procedure presented in [19].Our objective is to propose a systematic procedure for the design of metasurface antennas capable of implementing a general aperture field distribution (amplitude, phase and direction). The principal novelty of this approach is the independent control of the generated aperture field components. This important aspect (critical for general aperture implementation), is achieved by introducing independent modulations of the impedance tensorial components and a new exact holographic formulation. Moreover, average impedance variation along the propagation direction is introduced in ord...

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“…3,4 Typically, in the optical frequencies, the shaping of the wave front of light with optical components such as lenses and prisms, as well as diffractive elements such as gratings and holograms, relies on gradual phase shifts accumulated along the optical path. 5,6 Analogously, the new methods to control the microwave fronts are attained by introducing abrupt and gradual phase shift structure to modify the wave-path.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Both anomalous reflection and refraction are demonstrated to control and focus the electromagnetic waves, followed by various designs using different approaches. 3,10,27 Compared with the transmitting gradient metasurface the reflecting gradient metasurface is easier to get high reflectivity than the transmittance. 28,29 Thus we can take place of the traditional metal parabolic reflector by the properly designed metasurface utilizing the phenomenon of anomalous reflection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An X-band parabolic antenna based on gradient metasurface

et al. 2016

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Improving microwave antenna gain and bandwidth with phase compensation metasurface AIP Advances 5, 067152 (2015) We present a novel parabolic antenna by employing reflection gradient metasurface which is composed of a series of circle patches on a grounded dielectric substrate. Similar to the traditional parabolic antenna, the proposed antenna take the metasurface as a "parabolic reflector" and a patch antenna was placed at the focal point of the metasurface as a feed source, then the quasi-spherical wave emitted by the source is reflected and transformed to plane wave with high efficiency. Due to the focus effect of reflection, the beam width of the antenna has been decreased from 85.9• to 13• and the gain has been increased from 6.5 dB to 20.8 dB. Simulation and measurement results of both near and far-field plots demonstrate good focusing properties of the proposed parabolic antenna. C 2016 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license

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Frequency-Controls of Electromagnetic Multi-Beam Scanning by Metasurfaces

Cited by 129 publications

References 40 publications

Convolution Operations on Coding Metasurface to Reach Flexible and Continuous Controls of Terahertz Beams

Convolution Operations on Coding Metasurface to Reach Flexible and Continuous Controls of Terahertz Beams

Implementation of Radiating Aperture Field Distribution Using Tensorial Metasurfaces

An X-band parabolic antenna based on gradient metasurface

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