Frequency control of future power systems: reviewing and evaluating challenges and new control methods

Obaid, Zeyad Assi; Cipcigan, Liana; Abrahim, Lahieb; Muhssin, Mazin T.

doi:10.1007/s40565-018-0441-1

Cited by 158 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…For such conditions, load‐frequency control (LFC) is of utmost importance. It operates constantly to maintain a balance between the load demand and the power generation and tries to restore the frequency to the rated value 4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel fuzzy tuned multistage PID approach for frequency dynamics control in an islanded microgrid

Annamraju

Nandiraju

2020

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Objective: In microgrid (MG), besides the load perturbation, volatile nature in renewable output power along with energy storage system and inertia uncertainties cause large frequency deviations which may weaken the MG and could lead to complete blackout. Therefore, MG requires an intelligent, efficient and robust control method. Methods: In response to this challenge, this paper proposes a novel fuzzy logic approach (FLA) tuned multistage PID controller for frequency control of an islanded MG in the presence of high renewable penetration. The proposed controller is intended for principal parameter tuning of multistage PID controller under critical operating conditions as mentioned in the objective. Results: The real-time MG test system is considered to present the simulation results. The test system is modelled in Matlab/Simulink. The results are carried out under different operating scenarios and the performances of the proposed technique are compared with various existing techniques in the literature. Conclusions: The simulation outcomes divulge that the proposed controller is more superior in improving the frequency dynamics of the MG (in terms of settling time, overshoot and error reduction) under various disturbance conditions. Furthermore, the proposed controller is more robust to renewable and energy storage system uncertainties in MG and less sensitive to MG parametric variations as compared to other controllers in literature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel fuzzy tuned multistage PID approach for frequency dynamics control in an islanded microgrid

Annamraju

Nandiraju

2020

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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“…As RES are typically connected to the grid through a power electronic inverter, substituting the conventional power plants with power electronic inverters will decrease the inertia of the power system. Long-term renewable energy integrations studies show that the rise in renewables could call for increased levels of frequency control [1][2][3]. Frequency control is included in the ancillary services necessary to guarantee the quality of supply and stability in the power systems [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid-Scale BESS for Ancillary Services Provision: SoC Restoration Strategies

et al. 2020

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The future power system, characterized by lower inertia, reduced programmability and more distributed architecture, will depend on prompt and reliable control systems. Quick ancillary services provided by battery energy storage systems (BESS) could be a resource in order to deliver fast and precise response to frequency events. Degrees of freedom in the design of innovative products traded on ancillary services markets give the asset manager room for developing state-of-charge (SoC) restoration mechanisms. These are necessary to effectively exploit BESS as key resources for electricity balancing. This study compares the main SoC restoration strategies. It aims to define which ones are suitable for guaranteeing the reliability of the provision and the return on the investment. A robust regulatory framework analysis describes the degrees of freedom guaranteed by the main experiences around Europe. In this paper, a BESS model with variable efficiency is used to compare the provision of Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR) with different SoC restoration strategies exploiting one or more degrees of freedom. Here, we show that the degrees of freedom are key to the reliability of provision. Among most diffused mechanisms, dead-band strategies secure the desired consistency, but require large energy flows for SoC management. Thus, BESS life and economics decrease. The strategies based on minimum available energy guarantee assured reliability while being fair with BESS life and operation costs.

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“…It even leads to blackouts, such as the cases in South Australia [4] and London [5]. Power system frequency security and stability controls are facing new challenges [6]- [7]. Therefore, it is necessary to study power system frequency dynamic behavior and stability within an extensive frequency deviation range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Frequency Stability Assessment Based on Extended Frequency Response Model

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Large frequency deviation degrades the operation performance of the boiler and its auxiliaries. It affects the output of thermal power units. A significant change in power generation leads to a great frequency deviation. An extended frequency response model for long-term frequency stability assessment is constructed to consider the effects of frequency deviations on boiler auxiliaries. The static power-frequency characteristic of the thermal power unit within an extensive frequency variation range is analyzed. It reveals that the active power output of the generating unit is not monotonically increasing with frequency dropping. An inflection point is observed on the static power-frequency characteristic curve when considering boiler auxiliary frequency characteristics. In the range of greater frequency deviation, the output power decreases rapidly with frequency declination, and an unstable equilibrium point (UEP) of frequency stability is identified. A quantitative index is proposed for frequency stability assessment based on UEP. The stability characteristic and the frequency stability quantitative index based on UEP are analyzed. The frequency dynamic behaviors of the extended model are demonstrated to analyze frequency stability characteristics within an extensive frequency variation range by a single machine system and the IEEE 39-bus system with considering boilers and its auxiliaries. INDEX TERMS power system, thermal power plant, auxiliaries, frequency stability

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Frequency control of future power systems: reviewing and evaluating challenges and new control methods

Cited by 158 publications

References 81 publications

A novel fuzzy tuned multistage PID approach for frequency dynamics control in an islanded microgrid

A novel fuzzy tuned multistage PID approach for frequency dynamics control in an islanded microgrid

Grid-Scale BESS for Ancillary Services Provision: SoC Restoration Strategies

Long-Term Frequency Stability Assessment Based on Extended Frequency Response Model

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