Frequency–angular resolving LiDAR using chip-scale acousto-optic beam steering

Li, Bing‐Zhao; Lin, Qiuying; Li, Mo

doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06201-6

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, the acoustic frequency applied to the AOD affects not only the deflection angle of the incoming light but also its wavelength (i.e., optical frequency). The optical frequency of the light passing through the AOD shifts in the positive direction by the amount of that acoustic frequency 31 , 32 , depending on the acoustic frequency applied to the AOD. This acoustic frequency shift affected the beat frequency, which is the optical frequency difference between the sample and reference arms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-spectral 4D coherent ranging using a flutter-wavelength-swept laser

Jeong,

Jang,

Jung

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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Coherent light detection and ranging (LiDAR), particularly the frequency-modulated continuous-wave LiDAR, is a robust optical imaging technology for measuring long-range distance and velocity in three dimensions (3D). We propose a spatio-spectral coherent LiDAR based on a unique wavelength-swept laser to enable both axial coherent ranging and lateral spatio-spectral beam scanning simultaneously. Instead of the conventional unidirectional wavelength-swept laser, a flutter-wavelength-swept laser (FWSL) successfully decoupled bidirectional wavelength modulation and continuous wavelength sweep, which overcame the measurable distance limited by the sampling process. The decoupled operation in FWSL enabled sequential sampling of flutter-wavelength modulation across its wide spectral bandwidth of 160 nm and, thus, allowed simultaneous distance and velocity measurement over an extended measurable distance. Herein, complete four-dimensional (4D) imaging, combining real-time 3D distance and velocity measurements, was implemented by solid-state beam scanning. An acousto-optic scanner was synchronized to facilitate the other lateral beam scanning, resulting in an optimized solid-state coherent LiDAR system. The proposed spatio-spectral coherent LiDAR system achieved high-resolution coherent ranging over long distances and real-time 4D imaging with a frame rate of 10 Hz, even in challenging environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-spectral 4D coherent ranging using a flutter-wavelength-swept laser

Jeong,

Jang,

Jung

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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“…Recently, several teams have started to develop the integration of PCSELs and LiDAR-related modules. Y. H. Hong et al first switching speed -fully integrated GaN driver [81] GaN HEMT driving circuit [97] hetero integration [65] circuit design [83] high power triple junction laser [68] tapered ridge waveguide lasers with highly asymmetric design [71] tapered diode laser amplifiers [72] multi-junction VCSEL [64] flip-chip design [73] shallow surface gratings [74][75][76] driver and circuit design [82] square-lattice structure [ 88,89,93] MOCVD regrowth [92] double-lattice structure [ 66,94,95] eye safety long wavelength [70][71][72] long-wavelength [78][79][80] buried airhole/InP photonic-crystal (PC) layer [96] chip on scale -integration [100][101][102] A composite photonic crystal structure resulting from combining both square and rectangular lattices [90] CMOS-fabricated SPAD array [98] stability -laser design with high-temperature operation [77] The photonic crystal exhibiting a flat band structure, accompanied by an additional feedback mechanism [ 103] power consumption -circuit design [83] The photonic crystal exhibiting a flat band structure, accompanied by an additional feedback mechanism [ 103] suggested a framework for influencing the light emission performance of PCSELs using a GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) driving circuit. For LiDAR sensing, a quicker pulse repetition frequency paired with a narrower pulse wid...…”

Section: Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Lasermentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Light Detection and Ranging: Optical Modulation Solutions and Novel Nanotechnologies

Chen,

Miao,

Hong

et al. 2023

Adv Quantum Tech

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Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor is widely recognized as a critical component for accurate perception. However, there are a host of challenges that impede their performance, including low spatial resolution, high costs, large size, low reliability, and susceptibility to interference. It is challenging to overcome these issues using a single LiDAR module, necessitating the need for a review of current LiDAR technologies. The paper commences by introducing the fundamental principles of various laser rangefinders and discussing the optical modulation technologies used to prevent interference and ghost images. Next, the paper delves into the latest developments in laser technology, with a focus on enhancing the switching rate, compliance with eye safety regulations, miniaturization, and improving stability. One highly promising innovation is the photonic crystal surface emitting laser (PCSEL), a novel light source that boasts high‐speed, small divergence angles, and high‐power output. Finally, the paper discusses the advancements made in non‐solid‐state scanning and solid‐state scanning, such as improving stability, increasing scanning angles, and optimizing the manufacturing of mechanical and micro‐electromechanical systems (MEMS). Additionally, the paper highlights the recent advancements in nanotechnology, specifically metasurface technology, which offers superior capabilities such as beam deflection, enhanced field‐of‐view (FOV), and dynamic modulation.

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“…On-chip acoustic devices, including bulk acoustic wave (BAW) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices, are critical components of microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs), which are typically used in microwave signal processing for microwave filtering, − as well as in various sensor technologies, microfluidics, and energy harvesting. − Besides, coupling acoustic waves with optical waves is an emerging approach to connect the optical and microwave domains, which have attracted extensive attention from researchers in acousto-optics due to its considerable potential, such as acousto-optic modulation and frequency shifting, microwave photonic filtering, nonreciprocal optical propagation and mode conversion, optical beam steering, and gyroscope technology. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intramodal and Intermodal Modulations in Exposed Silicon Waveguides with Surface Acoustic Waves Excited by Aluminum Scandium Nitride Films

Huang,

Shi,

et al. 2024

ACS Photonics

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Coupling surface acoustic waves with optical waves via piezoelectricity provides a pathway to connect the optical and microwave domains.Here, intramodal and intermodal acousto-optic modulations in the silicon-oninsulator platform are demonstrated with surface acoustic waves excited by the interdigital transducers (IDTs) on the piezoelectric AlScN films, where optical waveguides are formed in the exposed silicon layer without any cladding. The fabricated devices achieved a maximum intramodal acousto-optic modulation efficiency of −23.92 dB with 50 IDT finger pairs and a microwave power of 20 dBm in the straight waveguide over a broad range of optical wavelengths, corresponding to a V π L of 2.34 V cm. In addition, the modulation efficiencies with 100 IDT finger pairs significantly improved from −31.06 dB in the straight waveguide to −14.34 dB in the modified spiral waveguide with five interaction segments at 2.325 GHz, which can obtain a further enhancement of 3.8 dB if 50 IDT finger pairs were used instead. Besides, the demonstrated intermodal acousto-optic modulations enable the conversion between optical modes TE 00 and TE 10 with single-sideband contrast of >30 dB over an optical 3 dB bandwidth of 68 nm. These acousto-optic devices hold promise as complementary metal−oxide−semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible on-chip acousto-optic modulators, frequency shifters, and microwave photonic filters, which also pave the way for magnetic-free nonreciprocal devices.

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Frequency–angular resolving LiDAR using chip-scale acousto-optic beam steering

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

Spatio-spectral 4D coherent ranging using a flutter-wavelength-swept laser

Spatio-spectral 4D coherent ranging using a flutter-wavelength-swept laser

Recent Advances in Light Detection and Ranging: Optical Modulation Solutions and Novel Nanotechnologies

Intramodal and Intermodal Modulations in Exposed Silicon Waveguides with Surface Acoustic Waves Excited by Aluminum Scandium Nitride Films

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