Frequency and treatment of depressive symptoms in a Parkinson's disease registry

Prevalence of depression in Parkinson's disease: Effects of disease stage, motor subtype and gender

“…Our study supports previous findings revealing a higher prevalence of depression in patients with more advanced PD compared with early PD [14][15][16][17], but we could not reproduce the bimodal distribution [8,10]. Depression was more prevalent in the later stages compared to the early stages of PD.…”

“…Nevertheless, depression may already occur before the onset of motor systems [12,13] suggesting that the neuropathological process of PD itself increases the risk of depression. In contrast to these findings, several others reported a linear relationship between depression and disease stage [14][15][16][17].…”

“…Previous research has shown an association between depression and cognitive impairment [10,14,23,36,37]. Therefore, we reran our analyses with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) [38] score as a covariate.…”

“…As a different neurobiological mechanism in developing depression might be present in PD compared to the general population, gender differences in the prevalence of depression in PD might be eliminated. Indeed, several studies have reported no gender difference for the development of depression in PD, but have not specifically addressed potential reasons for this [9,14,27]. A direct investigation of the relationship between gender specific prevalence, disease stage or subtype of PD is still lacking in a homogeneous sample.…”

The Role of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Patients with Depression in Parkinson's Disease

“…Despite this established negative impact, depressive symptoms in PD are underrecognised and undertreated in clinical practice [15]. Additionally, there is a lack of well-designed studies that can guide clinical management of these patients.…”