“…The BaTiO 3 -based ceramics such as (Ba,Ca)(Zr,Ti)O 3 (2,3), (Ba,Ca)(Sn,Ti)O 3 (4,5) and (Ba,Ca)(Hf,Ti)O 3 (6,7) have been widely studied due to their excellent dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties for a wide range of applications in electro-optic devices, actuators, infrared detectors, tunable devices, lead-free piezoelectric transducers, multi-layer ceramic capacitors, memory and affordable clean energy storage devices (8)(9)(10)(11). The substitution of Ba 2+ by Ca 2+ lowers the rhombohedral-orthorhombic (T R-O ) and orthorhombic-tetragonal (T O-T ) phase transition temperatures, but causes a small effect on the Curie temperature (T C ) of BaTiO 3 system.…”